1. Cataract Whenfbthefblensfboffbthefbeyefborfbeyesfbbecomesfbopaque.
2. Cataractsfbpatho- Somefbenvironmentalfbandfbsocialfbfactorsfbcanfbincreasefbthefbriskfboffbcataractfbdevel
fb physiology op-
fbment.fbRatefboffbdevelopmentfbvaries.fbAlteredfbmetabolic fbprocessesfboffbthefblensfbleadf
btofbthefbaccumulationfboffbwaterfbandfbdeviationsfbinfbthefblensfbfiberfbstructure.fbThefbc
hangesfbchangefbthefblensfbtransparencyfbleadingfbtofbchangesfbinfbthefbvision.
3. Riskfbfactorsfbf
orfbdevelopingfb Developingfbcataractsfbcanfboccurfbfromfbage,fbeyefbtrauma,fbsmoking,fbalcoholfbuse,f b ra
cataracts diationfbexposure,fbUVfbexposure,fbdrugs,fbandfbinflammation.
4. S/Sfboffbcataracts Canfbincludefbblurryfborfbdecreasedfbvision,fbdistortedfbcolorfbperception,fblightfbscatter.
5. Diagnosing Historyfbandfbphysicalfbassessments,fbvisualfbacuityfbmeasurement,fbophthalmoscopy,f
fbcataracts bslitfblampfbmicroscopy,fbglarefbtesting,fbkeratometryfbandfbvisualfbfieldfbperimetry.
,6. SurgicalfbCataractfb 3fbditterentfbeyefbdropsfbarefbadministeredfbtofbdilatefbthefbpupil,fbanfbanticholinergic,fband
removal f b anti-
inflammatoryfbdropsfbandfbantianxietyfbmedicationsfbasfbwell.fbAnfbincisionfbisfbmadefb
onfbthefbsurfacefboffbthefbeye,fbandfbafbthinfbultrasoundfbprobefbisfbinsertedfbintofbthefbe
yefbandfbvibrationsfbdissolvefbthefbcloudedfbportionfboffbthefblens.fbThefbdissolvedfbpiec
esfbarefbsuctionedfbupfbandfbthefbincisionfbisfbleftfbtofbhealfbonfbitsfbown.fbSomefbcataract
sfbwillfbnotfbdissolve,fbandfbafblagerfbincisionfbisfbneededfbtofbremovefbthefbcataractfbinfbo
nefbpiecefbandfbsuturesfbarefbneeded.
7. PostfbOpfbCare-
fb CataractsfbRe Afterfbcataractfbsurgeryfbisfbcompleted,fbthefbpatientfbshouldfbonlyfbneedfbmildfbanalgesics.
-fbmoval f b Iffbthefbpatientfbreportsfbmoderatefbpainfbthefbproviderfbneedsfbtofbbefbnotifiedfbasfb
thisfbisfbafbsignfboffbcomplicationsfbsuchfbasfbhemorrhage,fbinfection,fborfbIOP.fbPatientf
beducationfbwillfbbefbneededfbaboutfbrefrainingfbfromfbtouchingfbtheirfbeyefbevenfbtho
ughfbitfbwillfbbefbitchy.fbPatientfbandfbcaregiverfbeducationfbshouldfbbefbgivenfbverballyfband
fbwritten.fbProperfbhygienefbmeasures,fbsignsfboffbinfection,fbimportancefboffbheadfbpos
itioningfbandfbotherfbrestrictedfbmovements,fbhowfbtofbadministerfbeyefbdropsfbandfbthefbro
utine,fbhowfbtofbtakef b painfbmedications,fbschedulingfbfollowfbupfbappointment,fbho
wfbtofboperatefbwithfbthefbvisualfbloss,fbandfbeducationfbaboutfbfallfbrisksfbwillfbbefbnee
ded.
,8. Glaucoma
Increasedfbintraocularfbpressurefbthatfbleadsfbtofbopticfbnervefbatrophyfbandfbvisualfblo
ssfbinf b thefbperipheralfbvisualfbfield.
9. Pathophysiologyfb Primaryfbopenfbanglefbglaucomafbisfbwhenfbthefbaqueousfbhumorfbinfbthefbeyefbbuildsfbu
offbglaucoma pfbandfbdamagesfbthefbopticfbnerve.fbAnglefbclosurefbglaucomafbtherefbisfbalsofbafbbuil
dupfboffbaqueousfbhumor,fbbulgingfboffbthefblensfbduefbtofbage,fborfbpupilfbdilationfbinfb
peoplefbwithfbnarrowfbangles
10. RiskfbFactors- age,fbblackfbrace,fbdiabetes,fbeyefbtrauma,fblong-termfbsteroidfbuse
fb Glaucoma
11. DiagnosisfbGlau- Measuringfbintraocularfbpressure,fbmeasuringfbvisualfbacuityfbanglesfboffbthefbeye,fbme
fbcoma a-
fbsuringfbafbpatient'sfbvisualfbfield,fbandfbassessingfbthefbpatient'sfbopticfbdiscfbforfbvari
, ationfbandfbdiscoloration
2. Cataractsfbpatho- Somefbenvironmentalfbandfbsocialfbfactorsfbcanfbincreasefbthefbriskfboffbcataractfbdevel
fb physiology op-
fbment.fbRatefboffbdevelopmentfbvaries.fbAlteredfbmetabolic fbprocessesfboffbthefblensfbleadf
btofbthefbaccumulationfboffbwaterfbandfbdeviationsfbinfbthefblensfbfiberfbstructure.fbThefbc
hangesfbchangefbthefblensfbtransparencyfbleadingfbtofbchangesfbinfbthefbvision.
3. Riskfbfactorsfbf
orfbdevelopingfb Developingfbcataractsfbcanfboccurfbfromfbage,fbeyefbtrauma,fbsmoking,fbalcoholfbuse,f b ra
cataracts diationfbexposure,fbUVfbexposure,fbdrugs,fbandfbinflammation.
4. S/Sfboffbcataracts Canfbincludefbblurryfborfbdecreasedfbvision,fbdistortedfbcolorfbperception,fblightfbscatter.
5. Diagnosing Historyfbandfbphysicalfbassessments,fbvisualfbacuityfbmeasurement,fbophthalmoscopy,f
fbcataracts bslitfblampfbmicroscopy,fbglarefbtesting,fbkeratometryfbandfbvisualfbfieldfbperimetry.
,6. SurgicalfbCataractfb 3fbditterentfbeyefbdropsfbarefbadministeredfbtofbdilatefbthefbpupil,fbanfbanticholinergic,fband
removal f b anti-
inflammatoryfbdropsfbandfbantianxietyfbmedicationsfbasfbwell.fbAnfbincisionfbisfbmadefb
onfbthefbsurfacefboffbthefbeye,fbandfbafbthinfbultrasoundfbprobefbisfbinsertedfbintofbthefbe
yefbandfbvibrationsfbdissolvefbthefbcloudedfbportionfboffbthefblens.fbThefbdissolvedfbpiec
esfbarefbsuctionedfbupfbandfbthefbincisionfbisfbleftfbtofbhealfbonfbitsfbown.fbSomefbcataract
sfbwillfbnotfbdissolve,fbandfbafblagerfbincisionfbisfbneededfbtofbremovefbthefbcataractfbinfbo
nefbpiecefbandfbsuturesfbarefbneeded.
7. PostfbOpfbCare-
fb CataractsfbRe Afterfbcataractfbsurgeryfbisfbcompleted,fbthefbpatientfbshouldfbonlyfbneedfbmildfbanalgesics.
-fbmoval f b Iffbthefbpatientfbreportsfbmoderatefbpainfbthefbproviderfbneedsfbtofbbefbnotifiedfbasfb
thisfbisfbafbsignfboffbcomplicationsfbsuchfbasfbhemorrhage,fbinfection,fborfbIOP.fbPatientf
beducationfbwillfbbefbneededfbaboutfbrefrainingfbfromfbtouchingfbtheirfbeyefbevenfbtho
ughfbitfbwillfbbefbitchy.fbPatientfbandfbcaregiverfbeducationfbshouldfbbefbgivenfbverballyfband
fbwritten.fbProperfbhygienefbmeasures,fbsignsfboffbinfection,fbimportancefboffbheadfbpos
itioningfbandfbotherfbrestrictedfbmovements,fbhowfbtofbadministerfbeyefbdropsfbandfbthefbro
utine,fbhowfbtofbtakef b painfbmedications,fbschedulingfbfollowfbupfbappointment,fbho
wfbtofboperatefbwithfbthefbvisualfbloss,fbandfbeducationfbaboutfbfallfbrisksfbwillfbbefbnee
ded.
,8. Glaucoma
Increasedfbintraocularfbpressurefbthatfbleadsfbtofbopticfbnervefbatrophyfbandfbvisualfblo
ssfbinf b thefbperipheralfbvisualfbfield.
9. Pathophysiologyfb Primaryfbopenfbanglefbglaucomafbisfbwhenfbthefbaqueousfbhumorfbinfbthefbeyefbbuildsfbu
offbglaucoma pfbandfbdamagesfbthefbopticfbnerve.fbAnglefbclosurefbglaucomafbtherefbisfbalsofbafbbuil
dupfboffbaqueousfbhumor,fbbulgingfboffbthefblensfbduefbtofbage,fborfbpupilfbdilationfbinfb
peoplefbwithfbnarrowfbangles
10. RiskfbFactors- age,fbblackfbrace,fbdiabetes,fbeyefbtrauma,fblong-termfbsteroidfbuse
fb Glaucoma
11. DiagnosisfbGlau- Measuringfbintraocularfbpressure,fbmeasuringfbvisualfbacuityfbanglesfboffbthefbeye,fbme
fbcoma a-
fbsuringfbafbpatient'sfbvisualfbfield,fbandfbassessingfbthefbpatient'sfbopticfbdiscfbforfbvari
, ationfbandfbdiscoloration
