GCSE CHEMISTRY HIGHER TIER PAPER 1H FINAL
STUDY PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ How do alkenes react with hydrogen, water and the halogens?
Answer: By the addition of atoms across the carbon-carbon double
bond so that the double bond becomes a single carbon-carbon bond
◉ What conditions are required for alkenes to react with hydrogen?
Answer: Hydrogenation requires a catalyst
◉ What conditions are required for alkenes to react with water?
Answer: Hydration requires the use of steam at 300°C and a catalyst
◉ What conditions are required for alkenes to react with halogens?
Answer: None; the reaction is spontaneous
◉ What is the functional group in alcohols? Answer: -OH
◉ What are the names of the first four members of the homologous
series of alcohols? Answer: Methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol
,◉ What happens when ethanol reacts with sodium? Answer:
Bubbles of hydrogen gas are seen and sodium ethoxide is produced
◉ Answer: C2H5OH + Na → H2 + C2H5ONa
◉ What happens when alcohols burn in air? Answer: They undergo
complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water
◉ What happens when alcohols are added to water? Answer: They
dissolve; though solubility decreases as the molecules increases in
size, so butanol is less soluble
◉ What happens when alcohols react with an oxidising agent?
Answer: They are oxidised to carboxylic acids
◉ How are aqueous solutions of ethanol produced? Answer: By
fermentation of sugar solutions using yeast
◉ What is the word equation for the fermentation of sugar solution
using yeast? Answer: Glucose a Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
◉ What are the conditions for fermentation of sugar solution to
produce ethanol? Answer: Anaerobic conditions (absence of
oxygen), 25-35°C
, ◉ What is the functional group in carboxylic acids? Answer: -COOH
◉ What are the names of the first four members of the homologous
series of carboxylic acids? Answer: Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid,
propanoic acid, butanoic acid
◉ What happens when carboxylic acids react with metal
carbonates? Answer: React to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water
◉ What happens when carboxylic acids are added to water? Answer:
They dissolve to form acidic solutions
◉ What happens when carboxylic acids react with alcohols? Answer:
They form esters
◉ Why are carboxylic acids weak rather than strong acids? Answer:
Carboxylic acids only partially ionise so do not contain as many
hydrogen ions as strong acids (which fully ionise) so the pH is higher
◉ What is the name of ester formed from ethanoic acid and ethanol?
Answer: Ethyl ethanoate
STUDY PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ How do alkenes react with hydrogen, water and the halogens?
Answer: By the addition of atoms across the carbon-carbon double
bond so that the double bond becomes a single carbon-carbon bond
◉ What conditions are required for alkenes to react with hydrogen?
Answer: Hydrogenation requires a catalyst
◉ What conditions are required for alkenes to react with water?
Answer: Hydration requires the use of steam at 300°C and a catalyst
◉ What conditions are required for alkenes to react with halogens?
Answer: None; the reaction is spontaneous
◉ What is the functional group in alcohols? Answer: -OH
◉ What are the names of the first four members of the homologous
series of alcohols? Answer: Methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol
,◉ What happens when ethanol reacts with sodium? Answer:
Bubbles of hydrogen gas are seen and sodium ethoxide is produced
◉ Answer: C2H5OH + Na → H2 + C2H5ONa
◉ What happens when alcohols burn in air? Answer: They undergo
complete combustion to form carbon dioxide and water
◉ What happens when alcohols are added to water? Answer: They
dissolve; though solubility decreases as the molecules increases in
size, so butanol is less soluble
◉ What happens when alcohols react with an oxidising agent?
Answer: They are oxidised to carboxylic acids
◉ How are aqueous solutions of ethanol produced? Answer: By
fermentation of sugar solutions using yeast
◉ What is the word equation for the fermentation of sugar solution
using yeast? Answer: Glucose a Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
◉ What are the conditions for fermentation of sugar solution to
produce ethanol? Answer: Anaerobic conditions (absence of
oxygen), 25-35°C
, ◉ What is the functional group in carboxylic acids? Answer: -COOH
◉ What are the names of the first four members of the homologous
series of carboxylic acids? Answer: Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid,
propanoic acid, butanoic acid
◉ What happens when carboxylic acids react with metal
carbonates? Answer: React to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water
◉ What happens when carboxylic acids are added to water? Answer:
They dissolve to form acidic solutions
◉ What happens when carboxylic acids react with alcohols? Answer:
They form esters
◉ Why are carboxylic acids weak rather than strong acids? Answer:
Carboxylic acids only partially ionise so do not contain as many
hydrogen ions as strong acids (which fully ionise) so the pH is higher
◉ What is the name of ester formed from ethanoic acid and ethanol?
Answer: Ethyl ethanoate
