ATI RN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL EXAM 2026 WITH
100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1. Describe the significance of finding stone fragments in urine after an
ESWL procedure.
Finding stone fragments indicates that the lithotripsy was
successful in breaking down the stones.
Finding stone fragments means the patient is dehydrated.
Finding stone fragments suggests a complication from the
procedure.
Finding stone fragments is unrelated to the procedure.
2. What is the priority blood pressure reading that should be reported in a
patient with hyperthyroidism?
170/80 mm Hg
140/90 mm Hg
160/100 mm Hg
120/80 mm Hg
3. Describe how chronic glomerulonephritis can lead to hyperkalemia in
patients.
Chronic glomerulonephritis increases sodium retention, which
causes hyperkalemia.
Chronic glomerulonephritis has no effect on potassium levels in
the body.
Chronic glomerulonephritis causes excessive potassium intake,
leading to hyperkalemia.
Chronic glomerulonephritis can impair kidney function, leading
to decreased potassium excretion and resulting in
, hyperkalemia.
4. If a patient reports a lump found during a testicular self-examination,
what should be the next step in their care?
Refer the patient for further evaluation by a healthcare
provider.
Advise the patient to monitor the lump for a month.
Suggest the patient perform the examination more frequently.
Instruct the patient to apply ice to the area.
5. Your patient is on erythropoietin therapy. What is the rationale for this
therapy?
To treat the anemia
To increase perfusion in the kidney
To control hypertension
To correct the acid-base balance
6. Which of the following BEST describes the role that monitoring vital
signs plays in patient care?
Vital signs can alert you to problems that require immediate
attention; taken at intervals they help determine if the patient's
condition is improving, worsening, or staying the same.
Vital signs measurements must be taken so you can fill in all
boxes on the patient care report.
Vital signs predict the patient's likelihood of making a full
recovery.
Vital signs measurements allow you to determine if the patient is
telling the truth about his symptoms.
,7. Why is it important for a postoperative client to splint their abdomen
when coughing?
It is a method to promote deep breathing.
It helps to reduce pain and support the surgical site during
coughing.
It increases the risk of infection.
It prevents the client from coughing altogether.
8. Why is it important to cut the skin barrier opening wider than the stoma
in ureterostomy care?
To allow for better drainage
To reduce the risk of infection
To enhance the adhesion of the barrier
To prevent skin irritation
9. An older client has been taking sustained-release nitroglycerin for
several years. The client asks the nurse if there are any concerns about
taking sildenafil on the same day? Which response by the nurse is the
best?
"Taking sildenafil at night will decrease any ADEs of
nitroglycerine"
"Taking the sildenafil at least two hours after taking the sustained-
release nitroglycerine is advised"
"Taking both will not cause any harm unless you already have
heart problems."
"Taking both together can result in hypotension, which could
be fatal."
10. A patient has just undergone surgery and is experiencing increased
, pain levels. What should be the nurse's priority intervention based on
postoperative care principles?
Administering a sedative
Encouraging the patient to ambulate immediately
Checking the surgical site for infection
Managing pain
11. Why is it important to turn a client to the side during a seizure?
To facilitate breathing through the nose.
To prevent aspiration and ensure airway safety.
To allow for better circulation.
To make the client more comfortable.
12. A patient with a severe head injury is being monitored for signs of brain
herniation. Which of the following is a late sign of this condition?
Dilated pupil(s) on the side of the injury
Nausea
Headache
Loss of consciousness
13. What position should a nurse place a patient in during a seizure to
prevent aspiration?
Sit the client upright.
Turn the client to the side.
Place the client on their back.
Hold the client's head still.
100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1. Describe the significance of finding stone fragments in urine after an
ESWL procedure.
Finding stone fragments indicates that the lithotripsy was
successful in breaking down the stones.
Finding stone fragments means the patient is dehydrated.
Finding stone fragments suggests a complication from the
procedure.
Finding stone fragments is unrelated to the procedure.
2. What is the priority blood pressure reading that should be reported in a
patient with hyperthyroidism?
170/80 mm Hg
140/90 mm Hg
160/100 mm Hg
120/80 mm Hg
3. Describe how chronic glomerulonephritis can lead to hyperkalemia in
patients.
Chronic glomerulonephritis increases sodium retention, which
causes hyperkalemia.
Chronic glomerulonephritis has no effect on potassium levels in
the body.
Chronic glomerulonephritis causes excessive potassium intake,
leading to hyperkalemia.
Chronic glomerulonephritis can impair kidney function, leading
to decreased potassium excretion and resulting in
, hyperkalemia.
4. If a patient reports a lump found during a testicular self-examination,
what should be the next step in their care?
Refer the patient for further evaluation by a healthcare
provider.
Advise the patient to monitor the lump for a month.
Suggest the patient perform the examination more frequently.
Instruct the patient to apply ice to the area.
5. Your patient is on erythropoietin therapy. What is the rationale for this
therapy?
To treat the anemia
To increase perfusion in the kidney
To control hypertension
To correct the acid-base balance
6. Which of the following BEST describes the role that monitoring vital
signs plays in patient care?
Vital signs can alert you to problems that require immediate
attention; taken at intervals they help determine if the patient's
condition is improving, worsening, or staying the same.
Vital signs measurements must be taken so you can fill in all
boxes on the patient care report.
Vital signs predict the patient's likelihood of making a full
recovery.
Vital signs measurements allow you to determine if the patient is
telling the truth about his symptoms.
,7. Why is it important for a postoperative client to splint their abdomen
when coughing?
It is a method to promote deep breathing.
It helps to reduce pain and support the surgical site during
coughing.
It increases the risk of infection.
It prevents the client from coughing altogether.
8. Why is it important to cut the skin barrier opening wider than the stoma
in ureterostomy care?
To allow for better drainage
To reduce the risk of infection
To enhance the adhesion of the barrier
To prevent skin irritation
9. An older client has been taking sustained-release nitroglycerin for
several years. The client asks the nurse if there are any concerns about
taking sildenafil on the same day? Which response by the nurse is the
best?
"Taking sildenafil at night will decrease any ADEs of
nitroglycerine"
"Taking the sildenafil at least two hours after taking the sustained-
release nitroglycerine is advised"
"Taking both will not cause any harm unless you already have
heart problems."
"Taking both together can result in hypotension, which could
be fatal."
10. A patient has just undergone surgery and is experiencing increased
, pain levels. What should be the nurse's priority intervention based on
postoperative care principles?
Administering a sedative
Encouraging the patient to ambulate immediately
Checking the surgical site for infection
Managing pain
11. Why is it important to turn a client to the side during a seizure?
To facilitate breathing through the nose.
To prevent aspiration and ensure airway safety.
To allow for better circulation.
To make the client more comfortable.
12. A patient with a severe head injury is being monitored for signs of brain
herniation. Which of the following is a late sign of this condition?
Dilated pupil(s) on the side of the injury
Nausea
Headache
Loss of consciousness
13. What position should a nurse place a patient in during a seizure to
prevent aspiration?
Sit the client upright.
Turn the client to the side.
Place the client on their back.
Hold the client's head still.
