PHARM FINAL EXAM ROADMAP EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dopaminergic agent/antiparkinsonism drug
MOA of Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Levodopa crosses the blood-brain barrier and is
converted into dopamine in the brain, helping replace the dopamine that is lost in Parkinson's disease.
Indications for Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's
disease; may also be used for parkinsonism caused by encephalitis or toxin exposure.
Pharmacokinetics of Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Usually given orally and is well
absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. It is metabolized in the liver and peripheral tissues and
excreted primarily through the urine.
Adverse effects of Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adventitious movements, ataxia,
increased hand tremor, dizziness (orthostatic hypotension), numbness, weakness, agitation, anxiety,
anorexia, n/v, dry mouth, dysphagia, urinary retention, flushing, cardiac irregularities, psychosis.
Contraindications for Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hypersensitivity, angle-glaucoma,
recent use of nonselective MAOI.
Caution with Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅CV disease, psychiatric disorders,
liver/kidney disease.
Drug-Drug interactions with Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅MAOIs (hypertensive crisis),
OTC vitamins.
Drug-Food interactions with Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅High protein diet decreases
absorption, iron salts.
Patient Teaching for Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Take exactly as prescribed/same
time, do not stop abruptly, orthostatic hypotension precautions, swallow pills whole (do not crush or
split), orangeish sweat expected.
,Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A dopamine precursor that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is
converted into dopamine in the brain, helping replace the dopamine lost in Parkinson's disease and
improving movement.
Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Indirect-acting cholinergic agonist/cholinesterase inhibitor.
MOA of Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Inhibits acetylcholinesterase → ↑ acetylcholine in brain →
slows Alzheimer cognitive decline.
Indications for Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease (can be used in
severe dementia).
Adverse effects of Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Insomnia, fatigue, rash, n/v/d, dyspepsia,
abdominal pain, muscle cramps.
Toxicity of Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cholinergic symptoms: bradycardia, sweating, severe GI
upset.
Reversal agent for Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Atropine.
Contraindications for Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Allergy, bradycardia, intestinal/urinary
obstruction.
Cautions with Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Any condition that could be exacerbated by
cholinergic stimulation, hepatic/renal dysfunction, cardiac conduction problems, asthma, ulcers.
Drug-Drug interactions with Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅NSAIDs, cholinergic drugs.
Patient Teaching for Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Take once at bedtime; not a cure, only slows
progression.
,Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅SSRI-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
MOA of Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Blocks reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain → ↑
serotonin in the synaptic cleft → improves mood.
Indications for Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, panic disorder,
PTSD, bulimia, PMDD, social anxiety.
Adverse effects of Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Headache, nervousness, insomnia, drowsiness,
anxiety, tremor, dizziness, sweating, n/v/d, dry mouth, anorexia, sexual dysfunction, upper respiratory
infections, weight loss, fever.
Toxicity of Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Serotonin syndrome → agitation, confusion, fever,
tremor, tachycardia, diarrhea.
Contraindications/Cautions for Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Avoid with MAOIs, caution with
suicidal patients, liver disease, pregnancy.
Drug-Drug interactions with Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅MAOIs, SNRIs, TCAs, St. John's wort →
serotonin syndrome risk.
Patient Teaching for Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Effects take 2-4 weeks, do not stop abruptly,
report agitation or suicidal thoughts.
Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Benzodiazepines -lams, pams, zams.
MOA of Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Enhances GABA in the CNS → slows neuron firing →
produces anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant effects.
Indications for Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Anxiety, insomnia due to stress, preanesthetic
anxiolytic, seizures, alcohol withdrawal.
, Adverse effects of Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Mild drowsiness, depression, lethargy, apathy,
fatigue, restlessness, bradycardia, tachycardia, constipation, diarrhea, incontinence, urinary retention,
changes in libido, drug dependence with withdrawal syndrome.
Toxicity of Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Excess CNS depression: extreme sedation, respiratory
depression, coma.
Reversal Agent for Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Flumazenil.
Contraindications/Precautions for Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Avoid in acute narrow-angle
glaucoma, shock, coma, acute alcohol intoxication; use caution in older adults, liver disease, and with
opioids.
Drug-Drug interactions with Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Opioids → profound sedation,
respiratory depression, coma, death.
Famous Drug/Food interactions with Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Alcohol → additive CNS
depression.
Patient Teaching for Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Take only as prescribed, avoid alcohol and
other CNS depressants, do not stop abruptly after long-term use, and avoid driving until effects are
known.
Phenobarbital - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Depresses the central nervous system by inhibiting neuronal
activity in the reticular activating system (RAS) and cerebral cortex, producing sedation, hypnosis, and
anticonvulsant effects.
Indications for Phenobarbital - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Sedation, insomnia, preanesthetic sedation,
anxiety (rarely used now), and seizure disorders.
Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dopaminergic agent/antiparkinsonism drug
MOA of Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Levodopa crosses the blood-brain barrier and is
converted into dopamine in the brain, helping replace the dopamine that is lost in Parkinson's disease.
Indications for Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's
disease; may also be used for parkinsonism caused by encephalitis or toxin exposure.
Pharmacokinetics of Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Usually given orally and is well
absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. It is metabolized in the liver and peripheral tissues and
excreted primarily through the urine.
Adverse effects of Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Adventitious movements, ataxia,
increased hand tremor, dizziness (orthostatic hypotension), numbness, weakness, agitation, anxiety,
anorexia, n/v, dry mouth, dysphagia, urinary retention, flushing, cardiac irregularities, psychosis.
Contraindications for Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hypersensitivity, angle-glaucoma,
recent use of nonselective MAOI.
Caution with Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅CV disease, psychiatric disorders,
liver/kidney disease.
Drug-Drug interactions with Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅MAOIs (hypertensive crisis),
OTC vitamins.
Drug-Food interactions with Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅High protein diet decreases
absorption, iron salts.
Patient Teaching for Carbidopa Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Take exactly as prescribed/same
time, do not stop abruptly, orthostatic hypotension precautions, swallow pills whole (do not crush or
split), orangeish sweat expected.
,Levodopa - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A dopamine precursor that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is
converted into dopamine in the brain, helping replace the dopamine lost in Parkinson's disease and
improving movement.
Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Indirect-acting cholinergic agonist/cholinesterase inhibitor.
MOA of Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Inhibits acetylcholinesterase → ↑ acetylcholine in brain →
slows Alzheimer cognitive decline.
Indications for Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease (can be used in
severe dementia).
Adverse effects of Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Insomnia, fatigue, rash, n/v/d, dyspepsia,
abdominal pain, muscle cramps.
Toxicity of Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cholinergic symptoms: bradycardia, sweating, severe GI
upset.
Reversal agent for Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Atropine.
Contraindications for Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Allergy, bradycardia, intestinal/urinary
obstruction.
Cautions with Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Any condition that could be exacerbated by
cholinergic stimulation, hepatic/renal dysfunction, cardiac conduction problems, asthma, ulcers.
Drug-Drug interactions with Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅NSAIDs, cholinergic drugs.
Patient Teaching for Donepezil - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Take once at bedtime; not a cure, only slows
progression.
,Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅SSRI-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
MOA of Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Blocks reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain → ↑
serotonin in the synaptic cleft → improves mood.
Indications for Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, panic disorder,
PTSD, bulimia, PMDD, social anxiety.
Adverse effects of Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Headache, nervousness, insomnia, drowsiness,
anxiety, tremor, dizziness, sweating, n/v/d, dry mouth, anorexia, sexual dysfunction, upper respiratory
infections, weight loss, fever.
Toxicity of Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Serotonin syndrome → agitation, confusion, fever,
tremor, tachycardia, diarrhea.
Contraindications/Cautions for Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Avoid with MAOIs, caution with
suicidal patients, liver disease, pregnancy.
Drug-Drug interactions with Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅MAOIs, SNRIs, TCAs, St. John's wort →
serotonin syndrome risk.
Patient Teaching for Sertraline - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Effects take 2-4 weeks, do not stop abruptly,
report agitation or suicidal thoughts.
Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Benzodiazepines -lams, pams, zams.
MOA of Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Enhances GABA in the CNS → slows neuron firing →
produces anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant effects.
Indications for Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Anxiety, insomnia due to stress, preanesthetic
anxiolytic, seizures, alcohol withdrawal.
, Adverse effects of Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Mild drowsiness, depression, lethargy, apathy,
fatigue, restlessness, bradycardia, tachycardia, constipation, diarrhea, incontinence, urinary retention,
changes in libido, drug dependence with withdrawal syndrome.
Toxicity of Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Excess CNS depression: extreme sedation, respiratory
depression, coma.
Reversal Agent for Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Flumazenil.
Contraindications/Precautions for Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Avoid in acute narrow-angle
glaucoma, shock, coma, acute alcohol intoxication; use caution in older adults, liver disease, and with
opioids.
Drug-Drug interactions with Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Opioids → profound sedation,
respiratory depression, coma, death.
Famous Drug/Food interactions with Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Alcohol → additive CNS
depression.
Patient Teaching for Lorazepam - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Take only as prescribed, avoid alcohol and
other CNS depressants, do not stop abruptly after long-term use, and avoid driving until effects are
known.
Phenobarbital - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Depresses the central nervous system by inhibiting neuronal
activity in the reticular activating system (RAS) and cerebral cortex, producing sedation, hypnosis, and
anticonvulsant effects.
Indications for Phenobarbital - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Sedation, insomnia, preanesthetic sedation,
anxiety (rarely used now), and seizure disorders.
