ADULT HEALTH II 2026 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MASTER FILE
◉ two phases of hyponatremia. Answer: 1 is too much volume, so
decrease in sodium to correct give diuretic and 2 is loss of sodium
from other sources to correct on individual basis
◉ decreased Na is caused by dilution as a result of. Answer: excess
water or increased Na loss
◉ hyponatremia signs and symptoms. Answer: cell swells, lethargy,
headache, confusion, apprehension, seizures, and coma, change in
LOC, muscle weakness, stupor, tendon reflexes decreases
◉ hyponatremia interventions. Answer: administer hypertonic
solutions with known Na value, monitor patients lungs sounds,
administer isotonic solutions with unknown sodium level, report
LOC changes, fluid restriction if caused by too much water
◉ nursing management of hyponatremia. Answer: I/O, check for
bounding pulses, bulging neck veins, BP changes, signs of cerebral
edema, daily weights, pitting edema with fluid excess, daily weights
,and goal is to restore na and water balance and prevent
complications of cerebral edema
◉ the nurse assigned to a client with hyponatremia would conclude
that which of the following factors probably contributed to this
electrolyte imbalance. Answer: fluid retention and heart failure
◉ potassium imbalances. Answer: heart contractions and ECG will
guide plan of care
◉ hyperkalemia caused by. Answer: life threatening, impaired renal
excretion of potassium, excess intake, metabolic acidosis and
medications like beta blockers, dehydration
◉ hyperkalemia signs/symptoms (MURDER). Answer: muscle
cramps, urine abnormalities, respiratory distress, decreased cardiac
contractility, EKG changes, and reflexes
◉ nursing management of hyperkalemia. Answer: check for muscle
weakness, administer diuretics, monitor renal and respiratory
status, restricted diet, increase fluid intake, administer insulin-
kayexalate, dialysis, monitor ECG, monitor blood sugar
◉ the nurse anticipates the client with which condition would be
most at risk to develop hyperkalemia. Answer: chronic renal failure
, ◉ hypokalemia is caused by. Answer: increased excretion of
potassium, N/V, sweating, diuretics, dialysis, increased insulin,
alkalosis, tissue repair, increased epinephrine, lack of intake
◉ hypokalemia assessment. Answer: muscle weakness and cramps,
life threatening if not treated, alkalosis on ABG, fatigue, depressed ST
with a U wave, arrhythmias, thready pulse
◉ signs/symptoms of hypokalemia (A SIC WALT). Answer: alkalosis,
shallow respirations, irritability, confusion and drownsiness,
weakness and fatigue, arrhythmias, lethargy, thready pulse
◉ hypokalemia nursing interventions. Answer: watch for skeletal
muscle weakness, most dangerous drug to administer, on IV pump
no more than 10 mEq/hr, causes vein irritation, ice site, lidocaine,
monitor, piggyback with normal saline, always on a pump, encourage
intake from foods
◉ calcium. Answer: controlled by the parathryroid hormone and
calcitonin, bones store, regulated with moving in/out of bones which
increases GI and renal absorption, calcitonin lowers ca by
decreasaing GI absorption and increasing absorption
EVALUATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MASTER FILE
◉ two phases of hyponatremia. Answer: 1 is too much volume, so
decrease in sodium to correct give diuretic and 2 is loss of sodium
from other sources to correct on individual basis
◉ decreased Na is caused by dilution as a result of. Answer: excess
water or increased Na loss
◉ hyponatremia signs and symptoms. Answer: cell swells, lethargy,
headache, confusion, apprehension, seizures, and coma, change in
LOC, muscle weakness, stupor, tendon reflexes decreases
◉ hyponatremia interventions. Answer: administer hypertonic
solutions with known Na value, monitor patients lungs sounds,
administer isotonic solutions with unknown sodium level, report
LOC changes, fluid restriction if caused by too much water
◉ nursing management of hyponatremia. Answer: I/O, check for
bounding pulses, bulging neck veins, BP changes, signs of cerebral
edema, daily weights, pitting edema with fluid excess, daily weights
,and goal is to restore na and water balance and prevent
complications of cerebral edema
◉ the nurse assigned to a client with hyponatremia would conclude
that which of the following factors probably contributed to this
electrolyte imbalance. Answer: fluid retention and heart failure
◉ potassium imbalances. Answer: heart contractions and ECG will
guide plan of care
◉ hyperkalemia caused by. Answer: life threatening, impaired renal
excretion of potassium, excess intake, metabolic acidosis and
medications like beta blockers, dehydration
◉ hyperkalemia signs/symptoms (MURDER). Answer: muscle
cramps, urine abnormalities, respiratory distress, decreased cardiac
contractility, EKG changes, and reflexes
◉ nursing management of hyperkalemia. Answer: check for muscle
weakness, administer diuretics, monitor renal and respiratory
status, restricted diet, increase fluid intake, administer insulin-
kayexalate, dialysis, monitor ECG, monitor blood sugar
◉ the nurse anticipates the client with which condition would be
most at risk to develop hyperkalemia. Answer: chronic renal failure
, ◉ hypokalemia is caused by. Answer: increased excretion of
potassium, N/V, sweating, diuretics, dialysis, increased insulin,
alkalosis, tissue repair, increased epinephrine, lack of intake
◉ hypokalemia assessment. Answer: muscle weakness and cramps,
life threatening if not treated, alkalosis on ABG, fatigue, depressed ST
with a U wave, arrhythmias, thready pulse
◉ signs/symptoms of hypokalemia (A SIC WALT). Answer: alkalosis,
shallow respirations, irritability, confusion and drownsiness,
weakness and fatigue, arrhythmias, lethargy, thready pulse
◉ hypokalemia nursing interventions. Answer: watch for skeletal
muscle weakness, most dangerous drug to administer, on IV pump
no more than 10 mEq/hr, causes vein irritation, ice site, lidocaine,
monitor, piggyback with normal saline, always on a pump, encourage
intake from foods
◉ calcium. Answer: controlled by the parathryroid hormone and
calcitonin, bones store, regulated with moving in/out of bones which
increases GI and renal absorption, calcitonin lowers ca by
decreasaing GI absorption and increasing absorption
