NUR 323 - Renal UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
renal system is composed of... kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
what is the purpose of the renal system? regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, removes waste, produces urine, BP
regulation, bladder stores urine
regular BUN levels 7-30 mg/dL
regular creatinine levels 0.7-1.2 mg/dL
, BUN/Cr ratio 10:1 to 20:1
GFR normal range > 125 mL/min/1.73 m2
acute kidney injury rapid loss of renal function due to damage of kidneys
- 50% or greater increase in creatinine lvl
causes of acute kidney injury prerenal: low blood volume or pressure (most common reason)
intrarenal: damage to kidney
postrenal: obstructions to urine flow
how do we classify acute kidney injury? RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, and ESKD)
symptoms of acute kidney injury? HTN, FVE, dysrhythmia, pulmonary edema, decreased oxygenation, decreased
urine output, lethargy, dry skin and mucous membranes
treatment of acute kidney injury treat cause, maintain fluid balance, dialysis if needed, reduction of K+ levels
nursing considerations of AKD monitor fluid balance, management of symptoms
chronic/end stage kidney disease final stage of CKD needing renal replacement therapy
s/s of CKD varies depending on the disturbance, but commonly hyperkalemia, FVD or FVE
treatments of CKD goal to maintain kidney function for as long as possible using medications and
possible dialysis, treat symptoms
nursing management of CKD assess fluid status/balance fluid status, nutrition intake - limit potassium in the diet,
electrolyte imbalance, assisting with activity as needed, educate, emotional
support for pt
stage 1 kidney disease GFR >90
- control blood glucose and BP
- monitor A1C, manage HTN, limit meds that are processed through kidneys
stage 2 kidney disease mild loss of function (89-60%)
assess protein in urine and get pt on a protein restriction and ACEI to protect
kidney
stage 3 kidney disease moderate to severe loss of function
59-30%
care same as stage 4
stage 4 kidney disease 29-15% loss of function
care in these stages in how to manage (medically) high K+, phos, mg+, acidosis,
anemia, low ca+ fluid overload and uremia
restrict fluid and proteins, very restricted diet
access treatment
Answers
renal system is composed of... kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
what is the purpose of the renal system? regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, removes waste, produces urine, BP
regulation, bladder stores urine
regular BUN levels 7-30 mg/dL
regular creatinine levels 0.7-1.2 mg/dL
, BUN/Cr ratio 10:1 to 20:1
GFR normal range > 125 mL/min/1.73 m2
acute kidney injury rapid loss of renal function due to damage of kidneys
- 50% or greater increase in creatinine lvl
causes of acute kidney injury prerenal: low blood volume or pressure (most common reason)
intrarenal: damage to kidney
postrenal: obstructions to urine flow
how do we classify acute kidney injury? RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, and ESKD)
symptoms of acute kidney injury? HTN, FVE, dysrhythmia, pulmonary edema, decreased oxygenation, decreased
urine output, lethargy, dry skin and mucous membranes
treatment of acute kidney injury treat cause, maintain fluid balance, dialysis if needed, reduction of K+ levels
nursing considerations of AKD monitor fluid balance, management of symptoms
chronic/end stage kidney disease final stage of CKD needing renal replacement therapy
s/s of CKD varies depending on the disturbance, but commonly hyperkalemia, FVD or FVE
treatments of CKD goal to maintain kidney function for as long as possible using medications and
possible dialysis, treat symptoms
nursing management of CKD assess fluid status/balance fluid status, nutrition intake - limit potassium in the diet,
electrolyte imbalance, assisting with activity as needed, educate, emotional
support for pt
stage 1 kidney disease GFR >90
- control blood glucose and BP
- monitor A1C, manage HTN, limit meds that are processed through kidneys
stage 2 kidney disease mild loss of function (89-60%)
assess protein in urine and get pt on a protein restriction and ACEI to protect
kidney
stage 3 kidney disease moderate to severe loss of function
59-30%
care same as stage 4
stage 4 kidney disease 29-15% loss of function
care in these stages in how to manage (medically) high K+, phos, mg+, acidosis,
anemia, low ca+ fluid overload and uremia
restrict fluid and proteins, very restricted diet
access treatment
