NUR 2811 MIDTERM EXAM 2026 PREMIUM
REVIEW PACK WITH DETAILED ANSWER
KEY
◉Common qualitative data collection methods. Answer: In-depth
interviews, dyad interviews, focus groups, written texts, photos,
newspapers, and field observations.
◉Field observations. Answer: Written observations of people
interacting with each other, their environment, and the researcher.
◉Qualitative data collection issue. Answer: Gaining trust from
participants.
◉Another qualitative data collection issue. Answer: Participants
may experience emotional distress.
◉Goal of qualitative data analysis. Answer: Identify patterns in
human behavior, beliefs, meanings, and perceptions.
,◉Inductive analysis. Answer: Builds patterns, categories, or theory
from the data upward.
◉Deductive analysis. Answer: Starts with existing ideas or theory
and examines whether the data fit them.
◉Gold standard framework for qualitative trustworthiness. Answer:
Guba and Lincoln's framework.
◉Five criteria of trustworthiness. Answer: Credibility,
transferability, dependability, confirmability, authenticity.
◉Dependability. Answer: Stability of data over time and under
similar conditions.
◉Authenticity. Answer: Fairly and faithfully showing participants'
realities and the feeling tone of their experiences.
◉Quantitative research. Answer: Research using numeric data,
measurement, and statistical analysis.
◉Quantitative study designs. Answer: Experimental, quasi-
experimental, and nonexperimental/observational.
,◉Experimental design. Answer: The researcher introduces an
intervention to test its effect on outcomes.
◉Observational/nonexperimental design. Answer: The researcher
observes exposures and outcomes without introducing an
intervention.
◉Main question to identify experimental vs observational. Answer:
Was there an intervention?
◉Main question to identify RCT vs quasi-experimental. Answer: Was
there random assignment?
◉Randomized controlled trial (RCT). Answer: A true experiment
with intervention, control, and randomization.
◉Three key parts of an RCT. Answer: Intervention, control, and
randomization.
◉Why RCTs are the gold standard. Answer: They are strongest for
testing intervention effects and causal relationships.
◉Control group examples. Answer: Placebo, alternative treatment,
usual care, or no treatment.
, ◉Advantages of RCTs. Answer: Strongest design for intervention
causality.
◉Disadvantages of RCTs. Answer: Can be expensive, impractical, or
unethical.
◉Quasi-experimental design. Answer: Includes an intervention but
lacks random assignment and may lack a control group.
◉Advantage of quasi-experimental design. Answer: More practical
and feasible in real clinical settings.
◉Disadvantage of quasi-experimental design. Answer: More difficult
to infer causality than an RCT.
◉Nonexperimental studies. Answer: Studies with no intervention.
◉Correlational design. Answer: Examines the relationship between
variables.
◉Correlation. Answer: An association between variables.
REVIEW PACK WITH DETAILED ANSWER
KEY
◉Common qualitative data collection methods. Answer: In-depth
interviews, dyad interviews, focus groups, written texts, photos,
newspapers, and field observations.
◉Field observations. Answer: Written observations of people
interacting with each other, their environment, and the researcher.
◉Qualitative data collection issue. Answer: Gaining trust from
participants.
◉Another qualitative data collection issue. Answer: Participants
may experience emotional distress.
◉Goal of qualitative data analysis. Answer: Identify patterns in
human behavior, beliefs, meanings, and perceptions.
,◉Inductive analysis. Answer: Builds patterns, categories, or theory
from the data upward.
◉Deductive analysis. Answer: Starts with existing ideas or theory
and examines whether the data fit them.
◉Gold standard framework for qualitative trustworthiness. Answer:
Guba and Lincoln's framework.
◉Five criteria of trustworthiness. Answer: Credibility,
transferability, dependability, confirmability, authenticity.
◉Dependability. Answer: Stability of data over time and under
similar conditions.
◉Authenticity. Answer: Fairly and faithfully showing participants'
realities and the feeling tone of their experiences.
◉Quantitative research. Answer: Research using numeric data,
measurement, and statistical analysis.
◉Quantitative study designs. Answer: Experimental, quasi-
experimental, and nonexperimental/observational.
,◉Experimental design. Answer: The researcher introduces an
intervention to test its effect on outcomes.
◉Observational/nonexperimental design. Answer: The researcher
observes exposures and outcomes without introducing an
intervention.
◉Main question to identify experimental vs observational. Answer:
Was there an intervention?
◉Main question to identify RCT vs quasi-experimental. Answer: Was
there random assignment?
◉Randomized controlled trial (RCT). Answer: A true experiment
with intervention, control, and randomization.
◉Three key parts of an RCT. Answer: Intervention, control, and
randomization.
◉Why RCTs are the gold standard. Answer: They are strongest for
testing intervention effects and causal relationships.
◉Control group examples. Answer: Placebo, alternative treatment,
usual care, or no treatment.
, ◉Advantages of RCTs. Answer: Strongest design for intervention
causality.
◉Disadvantages of RCTs. Answer: Can be expensive, impractical, or
unethical.
◉Quasi-experimental design. Answer: Includes an intervention but
lacks random assignment and may lack a control group.
◉Advantage of quasi-experimental design. Answer: More practical
and feasible in real clinical settings.
◉Disadvantage of quasi-experimental design. Answer: More difficult
to infer causality than an RCT.
◉Nonexperimental studies. Answer: Studies with no intervention.
◉Correlational design. Answer: Examines the relationship between
variables.
◉Correlation. Answer: An association between variables.
