NUR-641E CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
Answer: can be effectively treated with IV NSAIDs such as indomethacin.
◍ Elderly men with underlying medical conditions such as benign prostatic
hypertrophy (BPH).
Answer: should avoid drugs that have high anticholinergic activity (e.g.,
diphenhydramine)
◍ Testicular cancer.
Answer: typically occurs in young men between age 5 and 35 years of age
◍ normal potassium.
Answer: 3.5-5
◍ Rivaroxaban.
Answer: -Xarelto-factor Xa inhibitor
◍ Benadryl/diphenhydramine side effects.
Answer: Cardiovascular: tachycardia, hypotension,
palpitationsNeurological: drowsiness, seizuresRespiratory: mucus plugs,
wheezing
◍ Potassium-sparing diuretics.
Answer: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride
◍ atrial netriuretic peptide.
Answer: acts acutely to reduce plasma volume by at least 3 mechanisms:
-increased renal excretion of salt and water-vasodilation-increased vascular
permeability.
◍ Intravenous Anesthetics.
, Answer: ketamine, thiopental, fentanyl, propofol, dexmedetomidine
◍ hypoxemia at altitude.
Answer: -lack of oxygen at high levels -causes hyperventilation to
accomodate for lack of O2 -leads to respiratory alkalosis
◍ hypercalcemia treatment.
Answer: -calcitonin, pamidronate (nitrogen containing biphosphonate)
◍ heart failure patients.
Answer: have more than just heart failure. look for underlying angina,
HTN...
◍ Fluoroquinolones.
Answer: may increase warfarin's anticoagulant effect, and decrease caffeine
clearance (causes nervousness)
◍ invasion period.
Answer: when immune and inflammatory responses are initiated
◍ dimenhydrinate/Dramamine onset of action.
Answer: within 15 minutes; lasts 3-6 hours
◍ Antiepileptic Agents:Seizures.
Answer: Roughly 10% of the US population may experience at least one
seizure during their lifetime
◍ antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
Answer: -aminoglycoside -tetracyclines-fluoroquinolones
◍ cell returns to resting potential by.
Answer: pumping sodium out of cell and potassium back into cell
◍ Milrinone.
Answer: phosphodiesterase inhibitor, used for acute heart failure.
◍ antibiotics that inhibit cell wall integrity.
Answer: -penicillins-ampicillin-cephalosporins-carbapenems
◍ Generalized seizure types.
, Answer: include tonic-clonic (grand mal), absence (petit mal), clonic,
myoclonic, tonic, and atonic; there is loss of consciousness and no memory
of the event
◍ types of T cells.
Answer: Helper T cells (CD4+), Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), Memory T cells
◍ repolarization.
Answer: potassium moves out of cell
◍ normal sodium.
Answer: 135-145
◍ naproxen.
Answer: NSAID for use in coronary artery disease (CAD) patient
◍ normal calcium.
Answer: 8.5-10.5
◍ How long does it take to reach a steady?.
Answer: 4-5 times the half-life
◍ COPD O2 pathology.
Answer: Normally, CO2 stimulates breathing b/c it initiates Hypoxic Drive.
These patients have chronic elevated carbon dioxide levels. They "retrain"
their bodies to breath when they are low in oxygen. High rate flow may
actually stop breathing. This will increase PaC02 leading to somulence and
respiratory failure.
◍ HCAP.
Answer: Healthcare-associated pneumonia
◍ Cytochrome P450 System.
Answer: -enzymes that function to metabolize potentially toxic compounds,
including drugs and products of endogenous metabolism such as bilirubin,
principally in the liver. -genetics influence presence of enzymes -affects
metabolism of warfarin, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and statins. -the
levels of these drugs are higher when taken with certain drugs that are
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
Answer: can be effectively treated with IV NSAIDs such as indomethacin.
◍ Elderly men with underlying medical conditions such as benign prostatic
hypertrophy (BPH).
Answer: should avoid drugs that have high anticholinergic activity (e.g.,
diphenhydramine)
◍ Testicular cancer.
Answer: typically occurs in young men between age 5 and 35 years of age
◍ normal potassium.
Answer: 3.5-5
◍ Rivaroxaban.
Answer: -Xarelto-factor Xa inhibitor
◍ Benadryl/diphenhydramine side effects.
Answer: Cardiovascular: tachycardia, hypotension,
palpitationsNeurological: drowsiness, seizuresRespiratory: mucus plugs,
wheezing
◍ Potassium-sparing diuretics.
Answer: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride
◍ atrial netriuretic peptide.
Answer: acts acutely to reduce plasma volume by at least 3 mechanisms:
-increased renal excretion of salt and water-vasodilation-increased vascular
permeability.
◍ Intravenous Anesthetics.
, Answer: ketamine, thiopental, fentanyl, propofol, dexmedetomidine
◍ hypoxemia at altitude.
Answer: -lack of oxygen at high levels -causes hyperventilation to
accomodate for lack of O2 -leads to respiratory alkalosis
◍ hypercalcemia treatment.
Answer: -calcitonin, pamidronate (nitrogen containing biphosphonate)
◍ heart failure patients.
Answer: have more than just heart failure. look for underlying angina,
HTN...
◍ Fluoroquinolones.
Answer: may increase warfarin's anticoagulant effect, and decrease caffeine
clearance (causes nervousness)
◍ invasion period.
Answer: when immune and inflammatory responses are initiated
◍ dimenhydrinate/Dramamine onset of action.
Answer: within 15 minutes; lasts 3-6 hours
◍ Antiepileptic Agents:Seizures.
Answer: Roughly 10% of the US population may experience at least one
seizure during their lifetime
◍ antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
Answer: -aminoglycoside -tetracyclines-fluoroquinolones
◍ cell returns to resting potential by.
Answer: pumping sodium out of cell and potassium back into cell
◍ Milrinone.
Answer: phosphodiesterase inhibitor, used for acute heart failure.
◍ antibiotics that inhibit cell wall integrity.
Answer: -penicillins-ampicillin-cephalosporins-carbapenems
◍ Generalized seizure types.
, Answer: include tonic-clonic (grand mal), absence (petit mal), clonic,
myoclonic, tonic, and atonic; there is loss of consciousness and no memory
of the event
◍ types of T cells.
Answer: Helper T cells (CD4+), Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), Memory T cells
◍ repolarization.
Answer: potassium moves out of cell
◍ normal sodium.
Answer: 135-145
◍ naproxen.
Answer: NSAID for use in coronary artery disease (CAD) patient
◍ normal calcium.
Answer: 8.5-10.5
◍ How long does it take to reach a steady?.
Answer: 4-5 times the half-life
◍ COPD O2 pathology.
Answer: Normally, CO2 stimulates breathing b/c it initiates Hypoxic Drive.
These patients have chronic elevated carbon dioxide levels. They "retrain"
their bodies to breath when they are low in oxygen. High rate flow may
actually stop breathing. This will increase PaC02 leading to somulence and
respiratory failure.
◍ HCAP.
Answer: Healthcare-associated pneumonia
◍ Cytochrome P450 System.
Answer: -enzymes that function to metabolize potentially toxic compounds,
including drugs and products of endogenous metabolism such as bilirubin,
principally in the liver. -genetics influence presence of enzymes -affects
metabolism of warfarin, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and statins. -the
levels of these drugs are higher when taken with certain drugs that are
