NUR-641E PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Fondaparinux (MOA).
Answer: -factor Xa inhibitor -Arixtra
◍ Antibiotics inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
Answer: 1. penicillins2. cephalosporin3. carbapenems4. beta lactam
◍ Pharmacokinetics.
Answer: The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the
body, metabolized, and excreted.-what the body does to the drug
◍ Vitamin D insufficiency causes?.
Answer: 1. cardiovascular disease2. osteoporosis3. rickets
◍ Apixaban (MOA).
Answer: direct factor Xa inhibitor
◍ potassium sparing diuretics (MOA).
Answer: Aldosterone antagonist in the distal convoluted tubule
◍ Asthma.
Answer: -chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes
bronchial hyper-responsiveness, constriction of the airways, and variable
airflow obstruction that is reversible -chest constriction, expiratory
wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive coughing, prolonged expiration,
tachycardia, an tachypnea, pulsus paradoxus, respiratory alkalosis,
hypoxemia
◍ medication used for right sided endocarditis due to staph.
Answer: Daptomycin
◍ 1.the time required for the elimination process to reduce 2.the concentration
, of the drug to one half what it was at initial administration3.determines drug
frequency4. predicts length of toxic effects5. constant first order
pharmacokinetics of a drug.
Answer: drug half life
◍ digoxin (and electrolytes).
Answer: hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, and hypokalemia
◍ angiotensin.
Answer: a peptide hormone that constricts blood vessels, causes the
retention of sodium and water, and produces thirst and a salt appetite
◍ Koplic Spots (measles).
Answer: 1. white spots that are surrounded by red ring circle2. found on the
buccal mucosa3. associated with rubeola
◍ a peripheral arterial (arteries and arterioles in fingers mostly) occlusive
disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress2.
vasospastic3. Treated with dihydropyridine type calcium channel blockers
(nifedipine) bc they cause vasodilation.
Answer: Raynaud's disease
◍ Hyperglycemia occurs with.
Answer: 1. increased release of cortisol2. increased release of epinephrine3.
increased glucagon4. increased growth hormone in the bloodstream
◍ Warfarin (MOA).
Answer: -Vitamin K antagonist-Factors II, VII, IX, X-takes several days to
take effect-monitor INR
◍ relative refractory period.
Answer: A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal
polarized state and will fire again only if the incoming message is much
stronger than usual
◍ invasion period.
Answer: -when immune and inflammatory responses are initiated
,◍ hemolytic anemia.
Answer: 1. caused by destruction of heme that is greater than the hepatic
conjugation and excretion of bilirubin2. symptom is jaundice
◍ enteric-coated.
Answer: -protects the drug from stomach acid -delivers to less acidic
intestine -useful for drugs that are acid labile or irritating to stomach (ex.
omeprazole, aspirin)
◍ <1.1.
Answer: normal INR
◍ Upper respiratory tract (infections).
Answer: Sinusitis - blockage of sinusesOtitis media - infection of the middle
earTonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsilsLaryngitis - infection of the
larynx that leads to loss of voicePharyngitis - Sore throat
◍ The heart does not adequately circulate blood to systemic system. Due to
pressure overload or volume overload causing a reduction of oxygenated
blood to body tissue.
Answer: left heart failure
◍ Linaclotide (Linzess) is used for.
Answer: chronic idiopathic constipation
◍ move potassium from bloodstream into the cells, insulin also increases the
transport of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells.
Answer: Insulin and Beta 2 inhalers for hyperkalemia
◍ 1.Inhibit water transport across Loop of Henle work on receptors in
ascending renal loop2.inhibit reabsorption of NaCL at site in kidney3.
potent diuretic (Lasix) can cause hypokalemia.
Answer: Loop diuretics MOA
◍ Ketoconazole (Nizoral) hepatic enzyme monitoring.
Answer: ALTASTAlkaline PhosphateBilirubin
◍ Vitamin B12 dietary insufficiency causes?.
, Answer: Pernicious anemia
◍ 1. low potassium intake,2.renal insufficiency3.systemic lupus
erythematosus4.addisons disease 5.potassium sparing diuretics.
Answer: Hyperkalemia causes
◍ fluticasone and salmeterolAsthma/COPD and is acorticosteroid.
Answer: Advair Diskus
◍ Invasion period of infection.
Answer: immune and inflammatory responses are initiated
◍ lortadine.
Answer: lack of sedation and impairment of performance, longer duration of
action, and absence of anticholinergic side effects.
◍ Daily symptoms occur w/ exacerbations 2x/wktreated with inhaled low dose
corticosteroid and long acting bronchodilator.
Answer: moderate persistent asthma
◍ Rapid emptying of gastric contents into small intestines. High osmotic
gradient, rapid movement of fluid from blood vessels into the intestinal
lumen Client experience rapid pulse, hypotension, pallor, weakness,
sweating and faintness.
Answer: Dumping syndrome
◍ increases risk of pernicious anemia.
Answer: Gastrectomy and B12 deficits
◍ (normal) calcium.
Answer: 8.5-10.5
◍ bone cancer.
Answer: Osteosarcoma
◍ Pseudomembranous colitis.
Answer: Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins (C. diff)
◍ respiratory acidosis (causes).
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Fondaparinux (MOA).
Answer: -factor Xa inhibitor -Arixtra
◍ Antibiotics inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
Answer: 1. penicillins2. cephalosporin3. carbapenems4. beta lactam
◍ Pharmacokinetics.
Answer: The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the
body, metabolized, and excreted.-what the body does to the drug
◍ Vitamin D insufficiency causes?.
Answer: 1. cardiovascular disease2. osteoporosis3. rickets
◍ Apixaban (MOA).
Answer: direct factor Xa inhibitor
◍ potassium sparing diuretics (MOA).
Answer: Aldosterone antagonist in the distal convoluted tubule
◍ Asthma.
Answer: -chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes
bronchial hyper-responsiveness, constriction of the airways, and variable
airflow obstruction that is reversible -chest constriction, expiratory
wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive coughing, prolonged expiration,
tachycardia, an tachypnea, pulsus paradoxus, respiratory alkalosis,
hypoxemia
◍ medication used for right sided endocarditis due to staph.
Answer: Daptomycin
◍ 1.the time required for the elimination process to reduce 2.the concentration
, of the drug to one half what it was at initial administration3.determines drug
frequency4. predicts length of toxic effects5. constant first order
pharmacokinetics of a drug.
Answer: drug half life
◍ digoxin (and electrolytes).
Answer: hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia, and hypokalemia
◍ angiotensin.
Answer: a peptide hormone that constricts blood vessels, causes the
retention of sodium and water, and produces thirst and a salt appetite
◍ Koplic Spots (measles).
Answer: 1. white spots that are surrounded by red ring circle2. found on the
buccal mucosa3. associated with rubeola
◍ a peripheral arterial (arteries and arterioles in fingers mostly) occlusive
disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress2.
vasospastic3. Treated with dihydropyridine type calcium channel blockers
(nifedipine) bc they cause vasodilation.
Answer: Raynaud's disease
◍ Hyperglycemia occurs with.
Answer: 1. increased release of cortisol2. increased release of epinephrine3.
increased glucagon4. increased growth hormone in the bloodstream
◍ Warfarin (MOA).
Answer: -Vitamin K antagonist-Factors II, VII, IX, X-takes several days to
take effect-monitor INR
◍ relative refractory period.
Answer: A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal
polarized state and will fire again only if the incoming message is much
stronger than usual
◍ invasion period.
Answer: -when immune and inflammatory responses are initiated
,◍ hemolytic anemia.
Answer: 1. caused by destruction of heme that is greater than the hepatic
conjugation and excretion of bilirubin2. symptom is jaundice
◍ enteric-coated.
Answer: -protects the drug from stomach acid -delivers to less acidic
intestine -useful for drugs that are acid labile or irritating to stomach (ex.
omeprazole, aspirin)
◍ <1.1.
Answer: normal INR
◍ Upper respiratory tract (infections).
Answer: Sinusitis - blockage of sinusesOtitis media - infection of the middle
earTonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsilsLaryngitis - infection of the
larynx that leads to loss of voicePharyngitis - Sore throat
◍ The heart does not adequately circulate blood to systemic system. Due to
pressure overload or volume overload causing a reduction of oxygenated
blood to body tissue.
Answer: left heart failure
◍ Linaclotide (Linzess) is used for.
Answer: chronic idiopathic constipation
◍ move potassium from bloodstream into the cells, insulin also increases the
transport of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells.
Answer: Insulin and Beta 2 inhalers for hyperkalemia
◍ 1.Inhibit water transport across Loop of Henle work on receptors in
ascending renal loop2.inhibit reabsorption of NaCL at site in kidney3.
potent diuretic (Lasix) can cause hypokalemia.
Answer: Loop diuretics MOA
◍ Ketoconazole (Nizoral) hepatic enzyme monitoring.
Answer: ALTASTAlkaline PhosphateBilirubin
◍ Vitamin B12 dietary insufficiency causes?.
, Answer: Pernicious anemia
◍ 1. low potassium intake,2.renal insufficiency3.systemic lupus
erythematosus4.addisons disease 5.potassium sparing diuretics.
Answer: Hyperkalemia causes
◍ fluticasone and salmeterolAsthma/COPD and is acorticosteroid.
Answer: Advair Diskus
◍ Invasion period of infection.
Answer: immune and inflammatory responses are initiated
◍ lortadine.
Answer: lack of sedation and impairment of performance, longer duration of
action, and absence of anticholinergic side effects.
◍ Daily symptoms occur w/ exacerbations 2x/wktreated with inhaled low dose
corticosteroid and long acting bronchodilator.
Answer: moderate persistent asthma
◍ Rapid emptying of gastric contents into small intestines. High osmotic
gradient, rapid movement of fluid from blood vessels into the intestinal
lumen Client experience rapid pulse, hypotension, pallor, weakness,
sweating and faintness.
Answer: Dumping syndrome
◍ increases risk of pernicious anemia.
Answer: Gastrectomy and B12 deficits
◍ (normal) calcium.
Answer: 8.5-10.5
◍ bone cancer.
Answer: Osteosarcoma
◍ Pseudomembranous colitis.
Answer: Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins (C. diff)
◍ respiratory acidosis (causes).
