Certified Arborist Chapter 3 ISA Questions and Answers 100% Correct

Certified Arborist Chapter 3 ISA
Questions and Answers 100%
Correct
parentMmatieralM-
MAnswerMsoilMbedrockMorMbaseMmaterialMfromMwhichMaMsoilMdevelops



idealMsoilMcompositionM-
MAnswerM45%MmineralsM(varyingMsizeMfractionsMofMsand/silt/clay)

5%MorganicMmatter

25%Mwater-poreMspace

25%Mair-poreMspace



horizonsMdefM-
MAnswerMVisibleMlayersMofMsoilMorientedMparallelMtoMtheMsoilMsurface.MCausedMovertim
eMbyMrainfall,Mleaching,MheatingMandMcooling,MchemicalMreactions,MbiologicalMactivities,M
andMaccumulationMofMdifferentMelementsMandMmaterials



SoilMProfileM-MAnswerMtheMnature,Marrangement,MdepthMandMnumberMofMhorizons



OrganicMLayerM-
MAnswerMLayerMofMorganicMmatterMatMtheMsoilMsurface.MtheMOMhorizon.MItMconsistMo
fMleaves,Mtwigs,Mbark,MandMorganismsMknownMasMlitterMlitterMlayer.



5MmajorMHorizonsM-MAnswerMO-
topMhorizonMofMprofileMaMthinMlayerMofMdecomposingMorganicMmaterialMakaMtheMorgan
icMlayer

A-M2ndMfromMtop;MdarkMcolor

E-
3rdMfromMtop;MwhenMexistMitsMcomposedMofMlighterMinMcolorMandMlackMorganicMmate
rialMfoundMinMA.

B-M4thMfromMtop-
MaMzoneMofMaccumulationMofMmaterialsMleachedMfromMtheMsurfaceMmixedMwithMsoilMp
articlesMfromMtheMlowerMparentMmaterialM

C-deepestMlayer;McomparedMofMpartiallyMweatherMparentMmaterial

, AMHorizonM-MAnswerMA-
M2ndMfromMtop;McontainsMmostMofMtheMfineMabsorbingMrootsMofMtreeMandMisMveryM
biologicallyMactive.MPrimarilyMComposedMofMinorganicMmaterialM(sand,MsiltMand/orMclay).
MrichMinMorganicMmatterMdarkMinMcolor.



topsoilM-MAnswerMO,A,E,BMhorizonsMofMsoil



EMHorizonM-
MAnswerMwhenMexistMitsMbetweenMAMandMBMhorizonsMandMitsMlighterMinMcolorMthan
MAMandMlacksMorganicMmaterialMfoundMinMA.



BMHorizonM-
MAnswerMoccursMbelowMtheMAMhorizonM(orMEMifMpresent);MtheMdeepestMlayerMofMthe
MtopMsoil.MitsMaMmixtureMofMmaterialsMfromMtheMtopMlayersMandMparticlesMfromMthe
MlowerMparentMmaterial.



CMhorizonM-
MAnswerMtheMdeepestMsoilMlayer,MconsistingMmainlyMofMlightlyMweatheredMparentMmate
rial



AggregatesM-
MAnswerMsoilMparticlesM(sandMsiltMclay)MthatMareMgroupedMtogetherMformMaggregates.M
AggregatesMimproveMsoilMstructure.



SoilMtextureM-
MAnswerMTheMrelativeMfinenessMorMcoarsenessMofMtheMinorganic,MmineralMsoilMparticles;
MspecificallyMtheMrelativeMproportionsMofMsand,Msilt,MandMclay.



SandMcharacteristicsM-
MAnswerMparticlesMareMrelativelyMlarge,MresultingMinMcoarserMtexturedMsoils

moreMlikelyMforMmoreMmacropores.MlittleMelectricalMcharge.

lowMwaterMholdingMcapacity



ClayMcharacteristicsM-
MAnswerMsmallestMsoilMparticlesMsize;MfineMtexture.MmoreMlikelyMforMmoreMmicropores;
MmoreMfertileMhighMnegativeMchargeMdensity