Myers AP Psychology Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
empiricism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the view that (a) knowledge comes from
| | | | | | | | | |
experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and
| | | | | | | | | | |
experiment.
structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an early school of psychology that used
| | | | | | | | | |
introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
| | | | | | | | |
functionalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a school of psychology that focused on
| | | | | | | | | |
how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|adapt, survive, and flourish.
| | |
nature-nurture issue - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the longstanding controversy over
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the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of
| | | | | | | | | | |
psychological traits and behaviors
| | | |
basic research - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-pure science that aims to increase the
| | | | | | | | | | |
scientific knowledge base
| |
applied research - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-scientific study that aims to solve
| | | | | | | | | |
practical problems |
,clinical psychology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a branch of psychology that studies,
| | | | | | | | | |
assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
| | | | | |
psychiatry - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a branch of medicine dealing with
| | | | | | | | |
psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical
| | | | | | | | |
(for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
| | | | | | | |
hindsight bias - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the tendency to believe, after learning an
| | | | | | | | | | |
outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along
| | | | | | | | | | | |
phenomenon)
psychology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the science of behavior and mental
| | | | | | | | |
processes
critical thinking - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-thinking that does not blindly accept
| | | | | | | | | |
arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden
| | | | | | | | |
values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
| | | | |
theory - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an explanation using an integrated set of
| | | | | | | | | |
principles that organizes and predicts observations
| | | | |
hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a testable prediction, often implied by a
| | | | | | | | | |
theory
operational definition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a statement of the procedures
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(operations) used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence
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may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures
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,replication - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-repeating the essence of a research study,
| | | | | | | | | |
usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic
| | | | | | | | | | |
finding extends to other participants and circumstances
| | | | | | |
case study - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an observation technique in which one
| | | | | | | | | |
person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
| | | | | | | | | | |
survey - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a technique for ascertaining the self-reported
| | | | | | | | |
attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random
| | | | | | | | | | |
sample of them | |
population - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-all the cases in a group, from which samples
| | | | | | | | | | | |
may be drawn for a study
| | | | |
random sample - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a sample that fairly represents a
| | | | | | | | | |
population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
| | | | | | | | |
naturalistic observation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Observing and recording
| | | | | | |
behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and
| | | | | | | | | |
control the situation.
| |
correlation coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A statistical measure of the extent
| | | | | | | | |
to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the other
|
, illusory correlation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the perception of a relationship
| | | | | | | | |
where none exists
| |
experiment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a research method in which an investigator
| | | | | | | | | |
manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on
| | | | | | | | | | |
|some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable). By random
| | | | | | | | | |
assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant
| | | | | | | | | |
factors.
placebo - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an inert substance or condition that may be
| | | | | | | | | | |
administered instead of a presumed active agent, such as a drug, to see if it
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent
| | | | | | | |
double-blind procedure - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an experimental procedure in
| | | | | | | |
which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a
| | | | | | | | | | |
placebo. Commonly used in drug evaluation studies.
| | | | | |
placebo effect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Any effect on behavior caused by a
| | | | | | | | | | |
placebo
experimental condition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the condition of an experiment
| | | | | | | | |
that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
independent variable |
control condition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the condition of an experiment that
| | | | | | | | | |
contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for
| | | | | | | | | | |
evaluating the effect of the treatment
| | | | |
Correct Answers
empiricism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the view that (a) knowledge comes from
| | | | | | | | | |
experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and
| | | | | | | | | | |
experiment.
structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an early school of psychology that used
| | | | | | | | | |
introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
| | | | | | | | |
functionalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a school of psychology that focused on
| | | | | | | | | |
how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
|adapt, survive, and flourish.
| | |
nature-nurture issue - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the longstanding controversy over
| | | | | | | |
the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of
| | | | | | | | | | |
psychological traits and behaviors
| | | |
basic research - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-pure science that aims to increase the
| | | | | | | | | | |
scientific knowledge base
| |
applied research - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-scientific study that aims to solve
| | | | | | | | | |
practical problems |
,clinical psychology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a branch of psychology that studies,
| | | | | | | | | |
assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
| | | | | |
psychiatry - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a branch of medicine dealing with
| | | | | | | | |
psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical
| | | | | | | | |
(for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
| | | | | | | |
hindsight bias - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the tendency to believe, after learning an
| | | | | | | | | | |
outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along
| | | | | | | | | | | |
phenomenon)
psychology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the science of behavior and mental
| | | | | | | | |
processes
critical thinking - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-thinking that does not blindly accept
| | | | | | | | | |
arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden
| | | | | | | | |
values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
| | | | |
theory - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an explanation using an integrated set of
| | | | | | | | | |
principles that organizes and predicts observations
| | | | |
hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a testable prediction, often implied by a
| | | | | | | | | |
theory
operational definition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a statement of the procedures
| | | | | | | | |
(operations) used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence
| | | | | | | | | |
may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures
| | | | | | | | |
,replication - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-repeating the essence of a research study,
| | | | | | | | | |
usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic
| | | | | | | | | | |
finding extends to other participants and circumstances
| | | | | | |
case study - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an observation technique in which one
| | | | | | | | | |
person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
| | | | | | | | | | |
survey - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a technique for ascertaining the self-reported
| | | | | | | | |
attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random
| | | | | | | | | | |
sample of them | |
population - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-all the cases in a group, from which samples
| | | | | | | | | | | |
may be drawn for a study
| | | | |
random sample - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a sample that fairly represents a
| | | | | | | | | |
population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
| | | | | | | | |
naturalistic observation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Observing and recording
| | | | | | |
behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and
| | | | | | | | | |
control the situation.
| |
correlation coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A statistical measure of the extent
| | | | | | | | |
to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the other
|
, illusory correlation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the perception of a relationship
| | | | | | | | |
where none exists
| |
experiment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a research method in which an investigator
| | | | | | | | | |
manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on
| | | | | | | | | | |
|some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable). By random
| | | | | | | | | |
assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant
| | | | | | | | | |
factors.
placebo - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an inert substance or condition that may be
| | | | | | | | | | |
administered instead of a presumed active agent, such as a drug, to see if it
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent
| | | | | | | |
double-blind procedure - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an experimental procedure in
| | | | | | | |
which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a
| | | | | | | | | | |
placebo. Commonly used in drug evaluation studies.
| | | | | |
placebo effect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Any effect on behavior caused by a
| | | | | | | | | | |
placebo
experimental condition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the condition of an experiment
| | | | | | | | |
that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
independent variable |
control condition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the condition of an experiment that
| | | | | | | | | |
contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for
| | | | | | | | | | |
evaluating the effect of the treatment
| | | | |
