Hematologic Disorders Exam
Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationales 2025/2026
Q&A
1. Which of the following is the primary function of red blood cells?
A. Produce antibodies
B. Fight infection
C. Transport oxygen
D. Clot blood
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds and carries oxygen
to tissues.
2. A patient with a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL would most likely
exhibit:
A. Hyperactivity
B. Fatigue and pallor
C. Jaundice
D. Polycythemia
Low hemoglobin reduces oxygen delivery, leading to fatigue and
pallor.
3. Which lab finding is characteristic of iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Macrocytosis
B. Microcytosis
C. Normocytic, normochromic RBCs
,D. Hypersegmented neutrophils
Iron deficiency reduces hemoglobin synthesis, producing small
(microcytic) red cells.
4. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia typically presents with:
A. Microcytic RBCs
B. Iron overload
C. Paresthesia and macrocytosis
D. Thrombocytosis
B12 is required for DNA synthesis; deficiency leads to large RBCs and
neurological symptoms.
5. The hallmark of sickle cell disease is:
A. Thrombocytopenia
B. Iron deficiency
C. Sickled red blood cells
D. Autoimmune hemolysis
Abnormal hemoglobin S causes RBCs to assume a sickle shape,
leading to hemolysis and vaso-occlusion.
6. Which condition increases the risk of aplastic anemia?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Vitamin K deficiency
C. Exposure to chemotherapy or radiation
D. Hemochromatosis
Bone marrow suppression from toxins, chemo, or radiation can result
in aplastic anemia.
7. Hemophilia A is a deficiency of:
A. Factor IX
B. Factor V
C. Factor VIII
D. Fibrinogen
Hemophilia A results from X-linked deficiency of clotting Factor VIII.
, 8. Von Willebrand disease primarily affects:
A. Platelet count
B. RBC morphology
C. Platelet function and Factor VIII
D. Vitamin K metabolism
Von Willebrand factor mediates platelet adhesion and stabilizes
Factor VIII.
9. Which lab finding is typical in hemolytic anemia?
A. Low bilirubin
B. Elevated reticulocyte count
C. Low LDH
D. Low MCV
Increased RBC destruction stimulates the bone marrow to produce
more reticulocytes.
10. A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and spoon-shaped nails.
This is most likely:
A. B12 deficiency
B. Folate deficiency
C. Iron-deficiency anemia
D. Hemolytic anemia
Chronic iron deficiency can cause koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails).
11. Polycythemia vera is characterized by:
A. Decreased RBCs
B. Low hematocrit
C. Increased RBC mass
D. Low WBC count
Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disorder with excessive RBC
production.
12. Which of the following is a common cause of anemia of chronic
disease?
Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers)
Plus Rationales 2025/2026
Q&A
1. Which of the following is the primary function of red blood cells?
A. Produce antibodies
B. Fight infection
C. Transport oxygen
D. Clot blood
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds and carries oxygen
to tissues.
2. A patient with a hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL would most likely
exhibit:
A. Hyperactivity
B. Fatigue and pallor
C. Jaundice
D. Polycythemia
Low hemoglobin reduces oxygen delivery, leading to fatigue and
pallor.
3. Which lab finding is characteristic of iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Macrocytosis
B. Microcytosis
C. Normocytic, normochromic RBCs
,D. Hypersegmented neutrophils
Iron deficiency reduces hemoglobin synthesis, producing small
(microcytic) red cells.
4. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia typically presents with:
A. Microcytic RBCs
B. Iron overload
C. Paresthesia and macrocytosis
D. Thrombocytosis
B12 is required for DNA synthesis; deficiency leads to large RBCs and
neurological symptoms.
5. The hallmark of sickle cell disease is:
A. Thrombocytopenia
B. Iron deficiency
C. Sickled red blood cells
D. Autoimmune hemolysis
Abnormal hemoglobin S causes RBCs to assume a sickle shape,
leading to hemolysis and vaso-occlusion.
6. Which condition increases the risk of aplastic anemia?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Vitamin K deficiency
C. Exposure to chemotherapy or radiation
D. Hemochromatosis
Bone marrow suppression from toxins, chemo, or radiation can result
in aplastic anemia.
7. Hemophilia A is a deficiency of:
A. Factor IX
B. Factor V
C. Factor VIII
D. Fibrinogen
Hemophilia A results from X-linked deficiency of clotting Factor VIII.
, 8. Von Willebrand disease primarily affects:
A. Platelet count
B. RBC morphology
C. Platelet function and Factor VIII
D. Vitamin K metabolism
Von Willebrand factor mediates platelet adhesion and stabilizes
Factor VIII.
9. Which lab finding is typical in hemolytic anemia?
A. Low bilirubin
B. Elevated reticulocyte count
C. Low LDH
D. Low MCV
Increased RBC destruction stimulates the bone marrow to produce
more reticulocytes.
10. A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and spoon-shaped nails.
This is most likely:
A. B12 deficiency
B. Folate deficiency
C. Iron-deficiency anemia
D. Hemolytic anemia
Chronic iron deficiency can cause koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails).
11. Polycythemia vera is characterized by:
A. Decreased RBCs
B. Low hematocrit
C. Increased RBC mass
D. Low WBC count
Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disorder with excessive RBC
production.
12. Which of the following is a common cause of anemia of chronic
disease?
