VATI COMPREHENSIVE PREDICTOR: COMPLETE PRACTICE EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS & CLINICAL RATIONALES

VATI COMPREHENSIVE PREDICTOR: COMPLETE PRACTICE EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS & CLINICAL RATIONALES 1. A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and reports difficulty limiting sodium in his diet. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse provide? A. Use canned soups for convenience B. Add salt during cooking rather than at the table C. Replace bottled salad dressing with homemade vinegar and oil dressing D. Eat processed meats like ham or bacon CORRECT ANSWER: C. Replace bottled salad dressing with homemade vinegar and oil dressing Explanation: Bottled dressings are high in sodium. Homemade vinegar and oil dressing allows control over sodium content and is a heart-healthy alternative. ________________________________________ 2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about nonpharmacological pain relief with a client who is 6 hr postpartum following a vaginal delivery. The client has an episiotomy and swelling of the labia. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Sit on soft pillows throughout the day B. Apply ice packs to the perineum C. Use a heating pad on high setting D. Avoid voiding to reduce pain CORRECT ANSWER: B. Apply ice packs to the perineum Explanation: Ice packs reduce swelling and provide numbing relief to the perineal area during the first 24 hours after an episiotomy. ________________________________________ 3. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new colostomy. He voices a reluctance about resuming sexual relations. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? A. "Most people adjust quickly to this change." B. "You should avoid sex until you feel completely comfortable." C. "I'm available if you'd like to talk about your concerns." D. "Your partner will understand if you explain the situation." CORRECT ANSWER: C. "I'm available if you'd like to talk about your concerns." Explanation: This response offers therapeutic communication by making the nurse available for discussion without pressure, allowing the client to express concerns openly. ________________________________________ 4. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about transmission precautions with a client who has hepatitis C. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A. Avoid sharing razors with other family members B. Use separate bathrooms from family members C. Wear a mask at all times in public D. Avoid all physical contact with family CORRECT ANSWER: A. Avoid sharing razors with other family members Explanation: Hepatitis C is transmitted through blood-to-blood contact. Sharing razors can transfer small amounts of blood and spread the infection. ________________________________________ 5. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about foot care with a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse a need for further teaching? A. "I will inspect my feet daily." B. "I will be sure to wear cotton socks." C. "I will soak my feet in hot water every evening." D. "I will trim my toenails straight across." CORRECT ANSWER: C. "I will soak my feet in hot water every evening." Explanation: Soaking feet in hot water can cause burns and skin breakdown in clients with diabetic neuropathy. Lukewarm water and brief washing are recommended. ________________________________________ 6. A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has bulimia nervosa. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend? A. Allow the client to use the bathroom immediately after meals B. Observe the client for 1 hr after meals C. Provide large portions to encourage eating D. Weigh the client daily before breakfast CORRECT ANSWER: B. Observe the client for 1 hr after meals Explanation: Observation for 1 hour after meals prevents purging behaviors, a common feature of bulimia nervosa. ________________________________________ 7. A nurse is assisting with the discharge planning for a client following a myocardial infarction. Which of the following is an appropriate referral for this client? A. Occupational therapist for fine motor skills B. Respiratory therapist for breathing exercises C. Physical therapist for cardiac rehabilitation D. Speech therapist for swallowing evaluation CORRECT ANSWER: C. Physical therapist for cardiac rehabilitation Explanation: Cardiac rehabilitation includes monitored exercise, education, and risk factor modification, essential after MI. Physical therapists lead this program. ________________________________________ 8. A nurse is contributing to the discharge plan of an older adult client who had a total hip arthroplasty. The client is unable to ambulate independently and lives alone. Which of the following care settings should the nurse recommend for this client? A. Assisted living facility B. Skilled nursing facility C. Home with home health aides D. Long-term acute care hospital CORRECT ANSWER: B. Skilled nursing facility *Explanation: A skilled nursing facility provides rehabilitation services (physical therapy) and 24-hour nursing care for clients who cannot ambulate independently and live alone.* ________________________________________ 9. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a preschool-age child who has a new diagnosis of celiac disease. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend? A. Wheat crackers B. Corn tortillas with black beans C. Rye bread sandwich D. Barley soup CORRECT ANSWER: B. Corn tortillas with black beans Explanation: Corn and beans are naturally gluten-free. Celiac disease requires lifelong avoidance of wheat, rye, and barley.