CPN EXAM 2025 -2026 ACTUAL
EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+
Erikson Psychosocial development Middle Childhood (6-
12yr) - ANSWER//industry vs inferiority Erikson
Psychosocial development Adolescence -
ANSWER//Identity vs Role confusion Jean Piagets theory
of cognitive development - ANSWER//Cognitive
development through interaction with environment Piagets
Cognitive Development Birth to 2 yrs -
ANSWER//Sensorimotor stage - sense of time and space
develops with routines -sense of permeance Piagets
Cognitive Development 2- 7 yrs -
ANSWER//Preoperational stage -egocentrism- self
perspective only - thinking magical,concrete, -use of
symbols, language, and imitation Piagets Cognitive
Development 7-11 yrs - ANSWER//Concrete operations
stage - logical, tangible thinking -masters, collects, sorts
facts Piagets Cognitive Development 11-15yrs -
ANSWER//Formal Operations stage -adaptability and
flexibility - abstract thought Kohlberg -Moral development
Toddlerhood and early childhood - ANSWER//-
preconventional or premoral: child conforms to rules
imposed by authority figures to avoid punishment
Kohlberg -Moral development Middle childhood -
ANSWER//- conventional: social conformity and loyalty.
Initially seeks approval, seeks to avoid getting in trouble or
getting caught Kohlberg -Moral development Adolescence
- ANSWER//Adopts own set of morals/values that guide
behavior Typical weight progression from birth -
,ANSWER//Avg newborn: 7lbs 5 months: 2x birth weight 1
yr: 3x birth weight BMI parameters - ANSWER//>95%-
Obese 85%- <95% Overweight <5% Underweight Normal
length/ height progression from birth - ANSWER//Avg
newborn: 20 in Growth in 1st yr: 10 in Growth in 2nd yr: 5
in Growth from 2.5 yr to puberty 0: 0.5 in Precosious
puberty - ANSWER//Prior to age 7- white females Prior to
age 6 in Afr. Amer At what age does vision mature -
ANSWER//Age 6 What is the first sign of puberty in
females? - ANSWER//breast development at age 7-13yo
What is the first sign of puberty for males -
ANSWER//testicular enlargement at age 10-15y/o HEADS
assessment for adolescent Risk profile - ANSWER//Home,
Education, ,Activites, Drugs, Sexual Activity/identity,
Suicide/depression congenital - ANSWER//present at birth
due to abnormalities in utero( may or may not be noticible
at birth) Common Dominant disorders -
ANSWER//huntingtons disease, osteogenesis imperfecta,
neurofibromatosis, night blindness Common recessive
disorders - ANSWER//cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia,
PKU, tay Sachs disease, albinism Downs syndrome
genetic cause - ANSWER//Related to nondisjunction with
3 chromosomes on pair 21 - increases with maternal age
Assessment findings for downs syndrome -
ANSWER//small head w/ slow brain growth, upward
slanting palpebral fissures, marbeling in iris, broad flat
nose, low set ears, protruding tonguw, small stature,
hypotonia, mild to mod intellectual disability Tuner
Syndrome- genetics - ANSWER//XO karotype for 23rd
chromosome( monosomy) -only in females Assessment
findings for Tuner Syndrome - ANSWER//short stature,
webbing of neck, low set ears, lack of sexual development,
learning disability, cardiac & renal issues Klinefelter
syndrome- genetics - ANSWER//- occurs only in males -
extra chromosome on 23rd pair XXY Assessment findings
for Klinefelters syndrome - ANSWER//tall thin body, failure
of sex characteristics in puberty, sterile, learning disability
,Blood composition - ANSWER//RBC
thrombocytes( platelets) leukocytes( 5- neutrophils,
lymphocytes, monocytes, esinophils, basophils) life span
of RBC - ANSWER//120 days Byproducts of RBC
hemolysis - ANSWER//unconjugated bilirubin( indirect
bilirubin) and iron polycythemia - ANSWER//excess RBC
production Clinical indications for increase in Hgb -
ANSWER//polycythemia vera, congenital heart disease,
chronic hypoxia, high altitude, fluid loss normal
hemoglobin levels in child - ANSWER//11.5-14.5 Clinical
indications for decrease in Hgb - ANSWER//Aplastic
anemia, renal disease, iron deficiency, bone marrow
suppression, sickle cell disease, hemorrhage,
spherocytosis, fluid volume overload Amenia -
ANSWER//symptom definied as decrease in serum hgb
Cause of anemia - ANSWER//-nutritional deficiencies -
increased hemolysis -impaired/reduced production of RBC
due to bone marrow or kidney issue - excessive blood loss
Nutrients needed to make RBCs - ANSWER//iron, folic
acid, vitamin B12 Iron deficiency anemia causes -
ANSWER//- dietary intake poor -impaired absorption of
iron -blood loss -excess demands of iron due to growth
aplastic anemia - ANSWER//results from bone marrow
inability to produce RBCs and other blood components
Incubation period - ANSWER//Time between invasion of
the organism and the development of infection w/ the
organism prodromal period - ANSWER//time between the
onset of nonspecific signs/sxs and disease specific sxs
Live attenuated vacines - ANSWER//Vaccine with live
organism with reduced virulence but still able to replicate
and stimulate immune response s/s of adverse reaction to
vaccine - ANSWER//-difficulty breathing -hoarseness or
wheezing -hives -pallor -lethargy -dizziness -tachycardia -
high fever -behavioral changes Diptheria -
ANSWER//caused by bacteria that proliferate in the
respiratory tract & multiply dead tissue--> mechanical
airway obstruction -causes renal, cardiac, peripheral
, central nervous system damage Tetanus( lockjaw) -
ANSWER//Exotoxin that causes muscle rigidity,
contraction and painful seizures, laryngospasm, resp.
distress Pertussis - ANSWER//bacteria that is highly
contagious and causes spasmodic cough that ends in
prolonged inspiratory whoop Hib - ANSWER//Spread
through respiratory droplets, 60% affected under 1 yr of
age Sepis - ANSWER//generalized bacterial infection in
bloodstream most common causes of neonatal sepsis -
ANSWER//Group B streptococci escherichia coli
Prodromal stage of sepsis in neonates/infants -
ANSWER//fever or hypothermia poor feeding lethargy
irritability Illness stage of sepsis in neonate/infants -
ANSWER//pallor, cyanosis, temp instability, tachycardia,
hypotension, apnea, dehydration, tense fontanel, seizures
Sxs of sepsis in children - ANSWER//fever, malaise, stiff
neck, headache Rubeola(measles) -
ANSWER//respiratory tract virus that lasts 10 days; highly
contagious prodromal sxs of measles - ANSWER//fever,
malaise, harsh raspy cough, conjunctivitis, stuffy nose
Late sxs of measles - ANSWER//maculopapular red
pruritic rash, photophobia, Koplik's spots on buccal
mucosa Rubella( german measles) -
ANSWER//respiratory tract virus that lasts 3 days
Symptoms of rubella( german measles) -
ANSWER//subauricular and supoccipital
lymphadenopathy, pink& mild maculipapular rash
parotitis(mumps) - ANSWER//resp tract virus lasting 7-10
days Symptoms of mumps - ANSWER//swelling in the
parotid glands and painful swallowing Potential
consequences of mumps - ANSWER//aseptic meningitis,
orchitis, epididymitis, nerve deafness, encephalitis
poliomylelitis(polio) - ANSWER//fecal-oral enterovirus that
replicated in the GI tract and then enters the blood
Symptoms of polio - ANSWER//stiff neck, mucle pains, -
nerve damage -asymmetrical faccid paralysis
Varicella(chicken pox) - ANSWER//respiratory herpes
EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+
Erikson Psychosocial development Middle Childhood (6-
12yr) - ANSWER//industry vs inferiority Erikson
Psychosocial development Adolescence -
ANSWER//Identity vs Role confusion Jean Piagets theory
of cognitive development - ANSWER//Cognitive
development through interaction with environment Piagets
Cognitive Development Birth to 2 yrs -
ANSWER//Sensorimotor stage - sense of time and space
develops with routines -sense of permeance Piagets
Cognitive Development 2- 7 yrs -
ANSWER//Preoperational stage -egocentrism- self
perspective only - thinking magical,concrete, -use of
symbols, language, and imitation Piagets Cognitive
Development 7-11 yrs - ANSWER//Concrete operations
stage - logical, tangible thinking -masters, collects, sorts
facts Piagets Cognitive Development 11-15yrs -
ANSWER//Formal Operations stage -adaptability and
flexibility - abstract thought Kohlberg -Moral development
Toddlerhood and early childhood - ANSWER//-
preconventional or premoral: child conforms to rules
imposed by authority figures to avoid punishment
Kohlberg -Moral development Middle childhood -
ANSWER//- conventional: social conformity and loyalty.
Initially seeks approval, seeks to avoid getting in trouble or
getting caught Kohlberg -Moral development Adolescence
- ANSWER//Adopts own set of morals/values that guide
behavior Typical weight progression from birth -
,ANSWER//Avg newborn: 7lbs 5 months: 2x birth weight 1
yr: 3x birth weight BMI parameters - ANSWER//>95%-
Obese 85%- <95% Overweight <5% Underweight Normal
length/ height progression from birth - ANSWER//Avg
newborn: 20 in Growth in 1st yr: 10 in Growth in 2nd yr: 5
in Growth from 2.5 yr to puberty 0: 0.5 in Precosious
puberty - ANSWER//Prior to age 7- white females Prior to
age 6 in Afr. Amer At what age does vision mature -
ANSWER//Age 6 What is the first sign of puberty in
females? - ANSWER//breast development at age 7-13yo
What is the first sign of puberty for males -
ANSWER//testicular enlargement at age 10-15y/o HEADS
assessment for adolescent Risk profile - ANSWER//Home,
Education, ,Activites, Drugs, Sexual Activity/identity,
Suicide/depression congenital - ANSWER//present at birth
due to abnormalities in utero( may or may not be noticible
at birth) Common Dominant disorders -
ANSWER//huntingtons disease, osteogenesis imperfecta,
neurofibromatosis, night blindness Common recessive
disorders - ANSWER//cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia,
PKU, tay Sachs disease, albinism Downs syndrome
genetic cause - ANSWER//Related to nondisjunction with
3 chromosomes on pair 21 - increases with maternal age
Assessment findings for downs syndrome -
ANSWER//small head w/ slow brain growth, upward
slanting palpebral fissures, marbeling in iris, broad flat
nose, low set ears, protruding tonguw, small stature,
hypotonia, mild to mod intellectual disability Tuner
Syndrome- genetics - ANSWER//XO karotype for 23rd
chromosome( monosomy) -only in females Assessment
findings for Tuner Syndrome - ANSWER//short stature,
webbing of neck, low set ears, lack of sexual development,
learning disability, cardiac & renal issues Klinefelter
syndrome- genetics - ANSWER//- occurs only in males -
extra chromosome on 23rd pair XXY Assessment findings
for Klinefelters syndrome - ANSWER//tall thin body, failure
of sex characteristics in puberty, sterile, learning disability
,Blood composition - ANSWER//RBC
thrombocytes( platelets) leukocytes( 5- neutrophils,
lymphocytes, monocytes, esinophils, basophils) life span
of RBC - ANSWER//120 days Byproducts of RBC
hemolysis - ANSWER//unconjugated bilirubin( indirect
bilirubin) and iron polycythemia - ANSWER//excess RBC
production Clinical indications for increase in Hgb -
ANSWER//polycythemia vera, congenital heart disease,
chronic hypoxia, high altitude, fluid loss normal
hemoglobin levels in child - ANSWER//11.5-14.5 Clinical
indications for decrease in Hgb - ANSWER//Aplastic
anemia, renal disease, iron deficiency, bone marrow
suppression, sickle cell disease, hemorrhage,
spherocytosis, fluid volume overload Amenia -
ANSWER//symptom definied as decrease in serum hgb
Cause of anemia - ANSWER//-nutritional deficiencies -
increased hemolysis -impaired/reduced production of RBC
due to bone marrow or kidney issue - excessive blood loss
Nutrients needed to make RBCs - ANSWER//iron, folic
acid, vitamin B12 Iron deficiency anemia causes -
ANSWER//- dietary intake poor -impaired absorption of
iron -blood loss -excess demands of iron due to growth
aplastic anemia - ANSWER//results from bone marrow
inability to produce RBCs and other blood components
Incubation period - ANSWER//Time between invasion of
the organism and the development of infection w/ the
organism prodromal period - ANSWER//time between the
onset of nonspecific signs/sxs and disease specific sxs
Live attenuated vacines - ANSWER//Vaccine with live
organism with reduced virulence but still able to replicate
and stimulate immune response s/s of adverse reaction to
vaccine - ANSWER//-difficulty breathing -hoarseness or
wheezing -hives -pallor -lethargy -dizziness -tachycardia -
high fever -behavioral changes Diptheria -
ANSWER//caused by bacteria that proliferate in the
respiratory tract & multiply dead tissue--> mechanical
airway obstruction -causes renal, cardiac, peripheral
, central nervous system damage Tetanus( lockjaw) -
ANSWER//Exotoxin that causes muscle rigidity,
contraction and painful seizures, laryngospasm, resp.
distress Pertussis - ANSWER//bacteria that is highly
contagious and causes spasmodic cough that ends in
prolonged inspiratory whoop Hib - ANSWER//Spread
through respiratory droplets, 60% affected under 1 yr of
age Sepis - ANSWER//generalized bacterial infection in
bloodstream most common causes of neonatal sepsis -
ANSWER//Group B streptococci escherichia coli
Prodromal stage of sepsis in neonates/infants -
ANSWER//fever or hypothermia poor feeding lethargy
irritability Illness stage of sepsis in neonate/infants -
ANSWER//pallor, cyanosis, temp instability, tachycardia,
hypotension, apnea, dehydration, tense fontanel, seizures
Sxs of sepsis in children - ANSWER//fever, malaise, stiff
neck, headache Rubeola(measles) -
ANSWER//respiratory tract virus that lasts 10 days; highly
contagious prodromal sxs of measles - ANSWER//fever,
malaise, harsh raspy cough, conjunctivitis, stuffy nose
Late sxs of measles - ANSWER//maculopapular red
pruritic rash, photophobia, Koplik's spots on buccal
mucosa Rubella( german measles) -
ANSWER//respiratory tract virus that lasts 3 days
Symptoms of rubella( german measles) -
ANSWER//subauricular and supoccipital
lymphadenopathy, pink& mild maculipapular rash
parotitis(mumps) - ANSWER//resp tract virus lasting 7-10
days Symptoms of mumps - ANSWER//swelling in the
parotid glands and painful swallowing Potential
consequences of mumps - ANSWER//aseptic meningitis,
orchitis, epididymitis, nerve deafness, encephalitis
poliomylelitis(polio) - ANSWER//fecal-oral enterovirus that
replicated in the GI tract and then enters the blood
Symptoms of polio - ANSWER//stiff neck, mucle pains, -
nerve damage -asymmetrical faccid paralysis
Varicella(chicken pox) - ANSWER//respiratory herpes
