NR 507 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST
EXAM UPDATE TESTED AND APPROVED!!!
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANS✔✔ -- These drugs block the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANS✔✔ -- the parasympathetic
system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to
the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction
= decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding
preventing the bronchial constriction
bronchitis - ANS✔✔---inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - ANS✔✔---bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive
months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - ANS✔✔---The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the
cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the
capillaries.
Page 1 of 25
,results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - ANS✔✔---cyanosis right to left
shunting chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - ANS✔✔---there is hypoxia due
to unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - ANS✔✔---when blood passes from the right ventricle
through the lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - ANS✔✔ --- long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis - ANS✔✔ --- Exposure to airborne irritants
- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus
secretion
- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in
the lamina propria
most common irritant with bronchitis is? - ANS✔✔ -- tobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - ANS✔✔--
-- smooth muscle hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane
What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - ANS✔✔---causes
increased bronchoconstriction
Page 2 of 25
, Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells do what in the bronchials -
ANS✔✔--- promotes hypersecretion of mucus
Asthma - ANS✔✔---Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an
excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANS✔✔---coughing wheezing shortness of breath
rapid breathing chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANS✔✔---- airway inflammation, bronchial
hyper- reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANS✔✔ --- smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi
that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANS✔✔ -- innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria outermost layer
lamina propria - ANS✔✔---the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANS✔✔---embedded with connective tissue
cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANS✔✔---white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
Page 3 of 25
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST
EXAM UPDATE TESTED AND APPROVED!!!
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANS✔✔ -- These drugs block the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANS✔✔ -- the parasympathetic
system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to
the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction
= decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding
preventing the bronchial constriction
bronchitis - ANS✔✔---inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - ANS✔✔---bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive
months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - ANS✔✔---The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the
cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the
capillaries.
Page 1 of 25
,results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - ANS✔✔---cyanosis right to left
shunting chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - ANS✔✔---there is hypoxia due
to unfavorable conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - ANS✔✔---when blood passes from the right ventricle
through the lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - ANS✔✔ --- long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis - ANS✔✔ --- Exposure to airborne irritants
- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus
secretion
- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in
the lamina propria
most common irritant with bronchitis is? - ANS✔✔ -- tobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - ANS✔✔--
-- smooth muscle hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane
What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - ANS✔✔---causes
increased bronchoconstriction
Page 2 of 25
, Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells do what in the bronchials -
ANS✔✔--- promotes hypersecretion of mucus
Asthma - ANS✔✔---Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an
excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANS✔✔---coughing wheezing shortness of breath
rapid breathing chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANS✔✔---- airway inflammation, bronchial
hyper- reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANS✔✔ --- smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi
that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANS✔✔ -- innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria outermost layer
lamina propria - ANS✔✔---the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANS✔✔---embedded with connective tissue
cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANS✔✔---white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
Page 3 of 25
