Nur-265 EXAM 4 Questions And
Answers
/. Level of consciousness - Answer-a measurement of a person's arousability and
responsiveness to a stimulus
/.Orientation - Answer-Awareness of the objective world in relation to the self
/.Alert - Answer-able to answer questions; responsive; interactive
/.Lethargic - Answer-acting in an indifferent or slow, sluggish manner
/.Obtunded - Answer-Client opens eyes to loud voice, responds slowly with confusion
and seems unaware of environment
/.Stupor - Answer-a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
/.Coma - Answer-state of profound unconsciousness
/.Delirium - Answer-an acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication,
and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of
thought and speech.
/.Aphasia - Answer-impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage
either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing
understanding).
/.Dermatome - Answer-Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
/.Finger to nose/Heel to shin tests - Answer-Assess the ability to judge the distance or
range of movement and differentiate between cerebellar and somatosensory ataxia
/.Rapid alternating movements - Answer-Assess coordination by asking person to pat
the knees with both hands, lift up, turn hands over and pat knees with the backs of the
hands. Then ask them to do it faster.
Normal Finding: Done with a equal turning and quick rhythmic pace
/.Reflex response grading system - Answer-4+ Very brisk, hyperactive with clonus,
indicative of disease
3+ Brisker than average, may indicate disease or normal
2+ Average/ Normal
1+ Diminished, low normal, only occurs with reinforcement
, 0 No response
/.clonus - Answer-muscle spasm or twitching
/.Babinski sign and Plantar reflex - Answer-neurological reflex: the sole of the foot is
stimulated with a blunt instrument. In normal adults the plantar reflex causes foot
downward flexion. An upward response/extension is Babinski response.
infants = normal reflex <12 to 24 months.
Adults = damage to corticospinal tract
/.Pronator drift - Answer-test of upper motor neuron disease. The patient is asked to
hold both arms fully extended at shoulder level in front of him, with the palms upwards,
and hold the position. If they are unable to maintain the position the result is positive.
/.Decorticate rigidity - Answer-flexion and internal rotation of upper extremity joints and
legs indicates brain injury
/.Decerebrate rigidity - Answer-neck and elbow extension, with wrists and fingers flexed
/.Kernig sign - Answer-A sign indicating the presence of meningitis (inflammation of the
meninges covering the brain and spinal cord). The test for Kernig sign is done by having
the person lie flat on the back, flex the thigh so that it is at a right angle to the trunk, and
completely extend the leg at the knee joint. If the leg cannot be completely extended
due to pain, this is Kernig sign.
/.Brudzinski sign - Answer-A positive sign of meningitis, in which there is an involuntary
flexion of the arm, hip, and knee when the patient's neck is passively flexed.
/.Romberg - Answer-patient standing with eyes closed is unable to maintain balance
/.Kinesthesia - Answer-awareness of positioning of body parts and body movement
/.Stereognosis - Answer-ability to recognize objects by feeling their form, size, and
weight while the eyes are closed
/.Graphesthesia - Answer-ability to "read" a number by having it traced on the skin
/.Cranial 1 - Answer-Olfactory
/.cranial 2 - Answer-optic- vision sensory
snellen chart, handheld, or peripheral vision, rosenbaum
/.cranial 3 - Answer-oculomotor-both
size shape and equality of pupil/iris, eye movement (up and down)
test: penlight & H
Answers
/. Level of consciousness - Answer-a measurement of a person's arousability and
responsiveness to a stimulus
/.Orientation - Answer-Awareness of the objective world in relation to the self
/.Alert - Answer-able to answer questions; responsive; interactive
/.Lethargic - Answer-acting in an indifferent or slow, sluggish manner
/.Obtunded - Answer-Client opens eyes to loud voice, responds slowly with confusion
and seems unaware of environment
/.Stupor - Answer-a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
/.Coma - Answer-state of profound unconsciousness
/.Delirium - Answer-an acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication,
and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of
thought and speech.
/.Aphasia - Answer-impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage
either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing
understanding).
/.Dermatome - Answer-Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
/.Finger to nose/Heel to shin tests - Answer-Assess the ability to judge the distance or
range of movement and differentiate between cerebellar and somatosensory ataxia
/.Rapid alternating movements - Answer-Assess coordination by asking person to pat
the knees with both hands, lift up, turn hands over and pat knees with the backs of the
hands. Then ask them to do it faster.
Normal Finding: Done with a equal turning and quick rhythmic pace
/.Reflex response grading system - Answer-4+ Very brisk, hyperactive with clonus,
indicative of disease
3+ Brisker than average, may indicate disease or normal
2+ Average/ Normal
1+ Diminished, low normal, only occurs with reinforcement
, 0 No response
/.clonus - Answer-muscle spasm or twitching
/.Babinski sign and Plantar reflex - Answer-neurological reflex: the sole of the foot is
stimulated with a blunt instrument. In normal adults the plantar reflex causes foot
downward flexion. An upward response/extension is Babinski response.
infants = normal reflex <12 to 24 months.
Adults = damage to corticospinal tract
/.Pronator drift - Answer-test of upper motor neuron disease. The patient is asked to
hold both arms fully extended at shoulder level in front of him, with the palms upwards,
and hold the position. If they are unable to maintain the position the result is positive.
/.Decorticate rigidity - Answer-flexion and internal rotation of upper extremity joints and
legs indicates brain injury
/.Decerebrate rigidity - Answer-neck and elbow extension, with wrists and fingers flexed
/.Kernig sign - Answer-A sign indicating the presence of meningitis (inflammation of the
meninges covering the brain and spinal cord). The test for Kernig sign is done by having
the person lie flat on the back, flex the thigh so that it is at a right angle to the trunk, and
completely extend the leg at the knee joint. If the leg cannot be completely extended
due to pain, this is Kernig sign.
/.Brudzinski sign - Answer-A positive sign of meningitis, in which there is an involuntary
flexion of the arm, hip, and knee when the patient's neck is passively flexed.
/.Romberg - Answer-patient standing with eyes closed is unable to maintain balance
/.Kinesthesia - Answer-awareness of positioning of body parts and body movement
/.Stereognosis - Answer-ability to recognize objects by feeling their form, size, and
weight while the eyes are closed
/.Graphesthesia - Answer-ability to "read" a number by having it traced on the skin
/.Cranial 1 - Answer-Olfactory
/.cranial 2 - Answer-optic- vision sensory
snellen chart, handheld, or peripheral vision, rosenbaum
/.cranial 3 - Answer-oculomotor-both
size shape and equality of pupil/iris, eye movement (up and down)
test: penlight & H
