SOLVED FOR TOP PERFORMANCE
◉Five Steps of the Nursing Process: Implementation. Answer: -
Implementation is guided by the preceding phases of the nursing
process.
- Initiation and completion of specific nursing actions as defined by
nursing diagnoses, goals, and outcome criteria
- Independent, collaborative, dependent
- Statements of interventions include frequency, specific
instructions, and any other pertinent information.
◉Five Steps of the Nursing Process: Evaluation. Answer: -
Systematic, ongoing, and dynamic part of the nursing process
- Determining the status of the goals and outcomes of care
,- Monitoring the patient's response to drug therapy Therapeutic,
expected, and toxic responses
- Clear, concise documentation
◉General Impact of Errors. Answer: - Landmark study by Institute of
Medicine (IOM) in 1999
- Follow-up study in 2010 showed no significant change in rates of
preventable errors since the IOM study.
- Recognizes that systems are generally at fault when error occurs
- Need for accountability
- Remediation of Workplace culture Reporting structure
- Management behaviour
- When professionals do not follow policies or have repeated errors
- Need for accountability
,- Remedial education
◉Adverse Drug Event. Answer: General term: Encompasses all types
of clinical problems resulting from medication use
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs):
- Allergic reaction
- Idiosyncratic reaction
Medication errors
◉Medication Errors. Answer: - Preventable
- Common cause of adverse health care outcomes
Drugs commonly involved in severe medication errors:
- central nervous system drugs
- anticoagulants
- chemotherapeutic drugs
, More potential for harm with "high-alert" medications
- SALAD (sound-alike, look-alike drugs)
- LASA (look-alike, sound-alike)
- TALLman lettering
◉Issues Contributing to Errors. Answer: Errors can occur during
any step of medication:
- Process
- Procuring
- Prescribing
- Transcribing
- Dispensing
- Administering
- Monitoring
- Organizational issues
- Educational system issues
- Sociological factors
- Use of abbreviations
◉Types of Medication Errors (4 Types). Answer: - Near Miss
- No Harm Event