CLAS 220- MODULE 1 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

CLAS 220- MODULE 1 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 chaos (the chasm) - Answers From _____ was born the earth or gaea (home), eros (passion/love/desire), and tartarus (time) nyx - Answers Goddess of night born of chaos erebos - Answers absolute darkness, born of chaos, brother of nyx Aether and hemera - Answers Gods of light, Aether- the light of the heavens, Hemera- light of the day children of erebos+nyx oceanus - Answers the great river imagined as encircling the earth Ouranos - Answers Sky god, son of Gaia who mated with her and fathered the Titans Ourea and Pontus - Answers The first two "children" born to Mother Earth -the mountians and vast sea respectively titans (12) - Answers Children of Gaea and Uranus Goddess: Theia, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, phoebe, tethys Gods: Okeanus, Koios, Kreios, hyperion, iapetus, and kronos cyclopes (circle eyes) - Answers forgers of zeus' thunder bolt, offspring of gaea and uranus -thunderer, lightner, and whitebolt Hesperides - Answers singing maidens who lives in a garden beyond the sunset. keepers of golden apples nereus - Answers a sea god, old mand of the sea iris - Answers the gods' messenger associated with the rainbowe harpies - Answers goddesses of the storm-winds who snatch away people never to be seen again Poseidon - Answers god of sable locks, shaker of the earth adamant - Answers a metal of great hardness used by the gods Hecatoncheires - Answers 100 handed creatures with 50 heads; children of Gaea and Uranus -hurled into tartarus Erinyes (Furies) - Answers goddesses seeking vengeance, referred to as infernal goddesses "those who walk in darkness" to punish sinners Gigantes - Answers giants born of ouranus' blood recieved by gaea, clad in full armour bearing spears -god nor men fought agn gods and were defeated meliads - Answers or meliai, minor goddesses In charge of ash trees Aphrodite - Answers goddess of love and beauty; born from sea foam (ouranus seman and gaea); married to Hephaestus muses of helicon - Answers hesiod locates the goddesses of song on his local mountain in southern boeotia, many poets later follow him graces - Answers Three sisters who represent the favor of the gods and beauty, love festivity; daughters of Zeus and Euronyme -association w/ muses estampie - Answers A medieval dance that is one of the earliest surviving forms of instrumental music myth - Answers -hard to define, distungushed from fairy tales, folk tales and sagas -typically concerned with gods, supernatural -inexplicably tied ot religion role of geography in development of greece - Answers -small area -small plains, high mountains and the sea -ioslation of communities -firece devotion ot indp (city states) bronze age greece ( bc) - Answers minoan and myceanan civilizations Minoan Civilization - Answers An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2000 B.C.E. palace culture - Answers When the palace is both the political and economic center linear A - Answers An undeciphered writing system used in Crete in the 17th century B.C., Minoa's first written language; has not been translated. knossos - Answers an ancient minoan palace center on Crete where Bronze Age culture flourished from about 2000 BC to 1400 BC Minoan Column - Answers originally of wood, painted red, with a plain shaft (without fluting) and topped by a simple rounded capital or echinus. Its most distinctive feature is that it tapers in reverse to the custom of the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans with a narrow base widening towards the top. Mycenaean Civilization - Answers (c. BCE) the first advanced civilization in mainland Greece; contact with minoans, the end of the Civilization marked the beginning of the "Dark Ages" for Greece burn level - Answers archelogical layer of charred matter, indicates entire settlement was razed to ground, implicating a hostile tke over linear B - Answers A set of syllabic symbols, derived from the writing system of Minoan Crete, used in the Mycenaean palaces of the Late Bronze Age to write an early form of Greek. It was used primarily for palace records, and the surviving tablets provide substantial information about the economic organization of Mycenaean society and tantalizing clues about political, social, and religious institutions. mycenae - Answers Site of a fortified palace complex in southern Greece that controlled a Late Bronze Age kingdom. In Homer's epic poems Mycenae was the base of King Agamemnon, who commanded the Greeks besieging Troy. Cyclopean Walls - Answers the impressive stone walls protecting Mycenae that prove the Mycenaen civilization were militaristic (i.e. "Cyclopean" because the walls are said to be constructed by the Cyclops) wanax - Answers Mycenaean word for kIng Mask of Agamemnon - Answers The most famous funerary mask of the Mycenean period mycenaen art - Answers crazy stylistic choices, many female gods, relasitc portrays on weaponary End of Mycenaean Age - Answers 1200/1100bc, burn levles at main palaces, loss of pop, power vacuum rise of dorians, darkness descends over greece dorians - Answers A Greek-speaking people who migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization. Greek "dark age" - Answers 1150-800 B.C.E., Time of poverty and depopulation, Phoenicians brought them out, and introduced them to the alphabet Archaic Age - Answers 800-500 BCE literacy, homer, hesiod, new poltical systems like tryanny and oligarchy and panthellenism Panhellenism - Answers the idea of Greek unity, helped by Olympic games and other Panhellenic festivals, but still not nearly as strong as Polis patriotism *language, religion, customs, and blood* Oligarchy - Answers a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. tryanny - Answers A government where the leader gained power by force Classical Age of Greece - Answers (520-323 BCE) "high: greek supremeacy, period of Ancient Greek history that provided much of the philosophies, sciences and art that are associated with Western Civilization; dates for period usually align with the period beginning with the death of the last Athenian tyrant and ending with the death of Alexander the Great -aesculys sphlacles, etc hellenistic age - Answers Historians' term for the era, usually dated 323-30 B.C.E., in which Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam in the seventh century C.E. rejection of epic - Answers during hellenistic age people into brevity, apollolus of rhodes, the argonautica roman age - Answers 30 bc- 476ad roman empire, virgil aeneid, ovid metamorphsis, and apollodorus library typhon - Answers Brought forth by Mother earth and tartarus to defeat Zeus. 100 fire spewing heads. Mountain fell on top creating a volcano mount etna. wife echidna leto - Answers mother of Apollo and Artemis hecate - Answers the section that follows is of especial interest for hesiod's religious outlook. Lyktos - Answers a town in crete near which there was a holy cave associated with the birht of zeus fennel - Answers the stalk of giant fennel constains a dry pith which burns slowly making it a convient means of carrying fire from place to place Hephaestus - Answers God of the forge and fire. Often, he is referred to as Ambidexter. He was always portrayed as crippled, although there are several different versions of how this happened. Hesiod has him taking Aglaia, one of the three Graces, as his wife. Othrys - Answers Mountain of the titans, located on the other side of the Thessalian plains chthonic - Answers concerning, belonging to, or inhabiting the underworld atlas - Answers a Titan who was forced by Zeus to bear the sky on his shoulders cerebrus - Answers the 3 headed dog (fifty heads according to hesiod), dragon-tailed dog, who guards the gates to the Underworld metis - Answers one of the oceanid nymphs, her name means "resource, cunning" and as a consort of zeus, now inside him, she represents his wisdom/justice Tritogeneia - Answers Epithet of Athena meaning "Triton-born." themis - Answers personification of divine order, law, natural law, and custom the watchers - Answers Hesiod has given a new etymologizing meaning and identity to the horai, who are usually the spirits of seaonsal ripeness and growth Enyalius - Answers ares, women of argos, song by phalax, and sometimes son -honored by romans: mars, romulus remus hebe - Answers Goddess of youth Eileithyia - Answers Goddess of childbirth (daughter of Zeus and Hera). atrytone - Answers Athena heracles - Answers mortal son of Zeus, strong and brave but lacks self-control, rises to Olympus after death 12 labors