Chamberlain BIOS 251 Exam 1
What 4 ways do you examine the body?
Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation and Percussion
Inspection
Seeing the body
Palpation
to examine by touch
Auscultation
Listening with a stethoscope
Percussion
taking hands and beating over certain parts of body
Medical Imaging
methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery, i.e. radiology
Gross Anatomy
Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Histology
the study of the microscopic structure of tissues
Histopathology
microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
Cytology
study of structure and function of cells
Ultrastructure
fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron
microscope
Subdisciplines of Physiology
neurophysiology, endocrinology, pathophysiology
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,Neurophysiology
physiology of the nervous system
Endocrinology
study of hormones
Pathophysiology
mechanisms of disease
Hippocrates
Father of medicine
Scientific Fact
information that can be independently verified
Law of Nature
a generalization about the predictable ways in which matter and energy
behave
Theory
explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws and
confirmed hypotheses
Bipedalism
the ability to walk upright on two legs
The Hierarchy of Complexity
Organ system-organs-tissues-cells-organelles-molecules-atoms
situs invertus
heart is on the opposite side
Organization
living things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving things
Cellular Composition
living matter is always compartmentalized into one or more cells
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, Metabolism
internal chemical reactions; the sum of all biochemical events that occur in
the body
Responsiveness
ability to sense and react to stimuli (irritability or excitability)
Movement
of organism and/or of substances within the organism
Characteristics of life
organization, cellular composition, metabolism, responsiveness and
movement, homeostasis, development, reproduction, evolution
Homeostasis
the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it and
thereby maintain stable internal conditions
Physiological Variation
Sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity, genetics and environment
Feedback Loops
biological mechanisms where homeostasis is maintained
Homeostasis in Body Temperature
-If too warm, vessels dilate in the skin and sweating begins (heat-losing
mechanism)
-If too cold, vessels in the skin constrict and shivering begins (heat-gaining
mechanism)
Negative Feedback
a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce
the stimulus
Receptor
structure that senses change in the body
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What 4 ways do you examine the body?
Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation and Percussion
Inspection
Seeing the body
Palpation
to examine by touch
Auscultation
Listening with a stethoscope
Percussion
taking hands and beating over certain parts of body
Medical Imaging
methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery, i.e. radiology
Gross Anatomy
Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Histology
the study of the microscopic structure of tissues
Histopathology
microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
Cytology
study of structure and function of cells
Ultrastructure
fine detail, down to the molecular level, revealed by the electron
microscope
Subdisciplines of Physiology
neurophysiology, endocrinology, pathophysiology
1|Page
,Neurophysiology
physiology of the nervous system
Endocrinology
study of hormones
Pathophysiology
mechanisms of disease
Hippocrates
Father of medicine
Scientific Fact
information that can be independently verified
Law of Nature
a generalization about the predictable ways in which matter and energy
behave
Theory
explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts, laws and
confirmed hypotheses
Bipedalism
the ability to walk upright on two legs
The Hierarchy of Complexity
Organ system-organs-tissues-cells-organelles-molecules-atoms
situs invertus
heart is on the opposite side
Organization
living things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving things
Cellular Composition
living matter is always compartmentalized into one or more cells
2|Page
, Metabolism
internal chemical reactions; the sum of all biochemical events that occur in
the body
Responsiveness
ability to sense and react to stimuli (irritability or excitability)
Movement
of organism and/or of substances within the organism
Characteristics of life
organization, cellular composition, metabolism, responsiveness and
movement, homeostasis, development, reproduction, evolution
Homeostasis
the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it and
thereby maintain stable internal conditions
Physiological Variation
Sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity, genetics and environment
Feedback Loops
biological mechanisms where homeostasis is maintained
Homeostasis in Body Temperature
-If too warm, vessels dilate in the skin and sweating begins (heat-losing
mechanism)
-If too cold, vessels in the skin constrict and shivering begins (heat-gaining
mechanism)
Negative Feedback
a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce
the stimulus
Receptor
structure that senses change in the body
3|Page
