Summer 2026 Predicted
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1 (a) The table shows the melting temperatures of some consecutive elements.
Element Melting temperature / °C
Na 98
Mg 650
Al 660
Si 1410
P 44
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(i) Explain why silicon has a much higher melting temperature than aluminium.
(2)
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,(ii) Explain why phosphorus has a much lower melting temperature than silicon
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(2)
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(b) The figure shows the first ionisation energies of elements with atomic numbers
1 to 18.
(2)
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, (i) Explain why there is a decrease in first ionisation energy from beryllium to
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boron.
(2)
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(ii) Explain why there is a decrease in first ionisation energy from nitrogen to
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oxygen.
(2)
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for more papers: tyrionpapers.com
for more papers: tyrionpapers.com
,DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
1 (a) The table shows the melting temperatures of some consecutive elements.
Element Melting temperature / °C
Na 98
Mg 650
Al 660
Si 1410
P 44
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(i) Explain why silicon has a much higher melting temperature than aluminium.
(2)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
for more papers: tyrionpapers.com
,(ii) Explain why phosphorus has a much lower melting temperature than silicon
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
(2)
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(b) The figure shows the first ionisation energies of elements with atomic numbers
1 to 18.
(2)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
for more papers: tyrionpapers.com
, (i) Explain why there is a decrease in first ionisation energy from beryllium to
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
boron.
(2)
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(ii) Explain why there is a decrease in first ionisation energy from nitrogen to
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
oxygen.
(2)
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