SOSA 1002 FINAL EXAM QUESTONS AND ANSWERS
Is kinship emic or etic? - answers - emic, culturally constructed concept, definition
changes from culture to culture
What is the typical kin group in north america? - answers - nuclear family
What socio-economic group has more extended families in north america? - answers -
lower income groups
What are kin groups? (think of categories) - answers - family simply put, "proven"
relationships, can be: nuclear families, extended family, lineages, clans
Includes legal and biological arrangements (ex adoption)
What are descent groups? - answers - social unit whose members claim common
ancestry
What is descent? - answers - a conceptual construct
Define exogamous marriage - answers - marriage outside of the cultural group
Define endogamous marriage - answers - marriage inside the cultural group
When is descent group membership usually determined? - answers - at birth
What are the 2 types of decent? - answers - matrilineal and patrilineal
What is matrilineal descent? - answers - born into mother's decent group and remain for
life
What is patrilineal descent? - answers - born into father's decent group and remain for
life
What does descent involve? - answers - transmission and incorporation
What relationship is most important in matrilineage? - answers - sister-brother
relationship
What relationship is most important in patrilineage? - answers - father-son relationship
What is the most common form of lineage worldwide? - answers - patrilineal
What is unilineal descent? - answers - most significant kin relationships must be traced
through either mother or father (only one!)
,What gender does a triangle represent in kinship charts? - answers - male
What gender does a circle represent in kinship charts? - answers - female
What element is common to both lineages and clans? - answers - belief that members
descend from the same apical ancestor
Is biological descent etic or emic? - answers - etic concept, what we understand
scientifically
What kind of descent is lineage? - answers - demonstrated: more readily defined and
displayed, demonstrated through passing of membership
What kind of descent are clans? - answers - stipulated: "as needed basis", is a belief,
no proof (ex status card)
What was the example of clans used in class? - answers - sports teams
County team -- highschool team -- university team -- provincial team -- national team
Become members with past enemies at each stage to combat the greater threat (other
universities, etc.)
What are the post-marital residence patterns? - answers - patrilocal, matrilocal,
avunculocal, uxorilocal, virilocal, neolocal, bilocal
What is the patrilocal pattern? - answers - live with or near husband's father after
marriage
What is the matrilocal pattern? - answers - live with or near wife's mother after marriage
What is the avunculocal pattern? - answers - live with or near husband's mother's
brother (husband's uncle)
What is the uxorilocal pattern? - answers - live with or near the wife's kin
What is the virilocal pattern? - answers - live with or near husband's kin
What is the neolocal pattern? - answers - don't live with or near father or mother's family
What is the bilocal pattern? - answers - alternately shifting between husband's and
wife's kin
What is the most common post-marital residence pattern? - answers - virilocal, 68%
, What is bilateral descent? - answers - descent group is formed by people who believe
they are related to each other by connections made through their mothers and fathers
equally
What is family? - answers - "the basic unit in society having at its nucleus 2 or more
adults living together and cooperating in the care and rearing of their own or adopted
children"
Group of people united by certain convictions, common ancestry, living under one roof
Is marriage the same experience across cultures? - answers - no
What are the cross-cultural features of marriage? - answers - contractual and revocable
(documented/verbal agreement, able to end it), creates kinship (through children; before
children was through -in laws), political/legal/economic/religions ramifications, mutual
obligations between spouses (ex monogamy, roles)
Define polygamy - answers - plural marriage
Define polygyny - answers - man has more than one wife
Define polyandry - answers - woman has more than one husband
What does exogamy force people to create/maintain? - answers - wide social networks
which can be beneficial in times of need
Define incest - answers - refers to sexual relations with a relative
Is incest universal? - answers - yes but the barrier of who is a relative changes
What does coontz tell us about the history of marriage? - answers - historically marriage
was about family connections not love
Why can't we restore marriage to its former supremacy in coordinating social and
interpersonal relationships? - answers - many people don't marry at a "normal age",
many people don't wait until marriage to have sex (doesn't regulate sexual behaviour
anymore), gender equality no longer allows for gender hierarchies, children born out of
wedlock are legitimate now, single life is easier to live now than in the past
What are the least divorce-prone marriages? - answers - husband and wife with
egalitarian views
Why did helen fisher decide to examine biochemical pathways of love in human beings?
- answers - love is biochemically the same reaction across cultures
The brain imaging and functioning of someone in love closely resembles the brain of
what other kinds of people? - answers - people on cocaine or with mental illness
Is kinship emic or etic? - answers - emic, culturally constructed concept, definition
changes from culture to culture
What is the typical kin group in north america? - answers - nuclear family
What socio-economic group has more extended families in north america? - answers -
lower income groups
What are kin groups? (think of categories) - answers - family simply put, "proven"
relationships, can be: nuclear families, extended family, lineages, clans
Includes legal and biological arrangements (ex adoption)
What are descent groups? - answers - social unit whose members claim common
ancestry
What is descent? - answers - a conceptual construct
Define exogamous marriage - answers - marriage outside of the cultural group
Define endogamous marriage - answers - marriage inside the cultural group
When is descent group membership usually determined? - answers - at birth
What are the 2 types of decent? - answers - matrilineal and patrilineal
What is matrilineal descent? - answers - born into mother's decent group and remain for
life
What is patrilineal descent? - answers - born into father's decent group and remain for
life
What does descent involve? - answers - transmission and incorporation
What relationship is most important in matrilineage? - answers - sister-brother
relationship
What relationship is most important in patrilineage? - answers - father-son relationship
What is the most common form of lineage worldwide? - answers - patrilineal
What is unilineal descent? - answers - most significant kin relationships must be traced
through either mother or father (only one!)
,What gender does a triangle represent in kinship charts? - answers - male
What gender does a circle represent in kinship charts? - answers - female
What element is common to both lineages and clans? - answers - belief that members
descend from the same apical ancestor
Is biological descent etic or emic? - answers - etic concept, what we understand
scientifically
What kind of descent is lineage? - answers - demonstrated: more readily defined and
displayed, demonstrated through passing of membership
What kind of descent are clans? - answers - stipulated: "as needed basis", is a belief,
no proof (ex status card)
What was the example of clans used in class? - answers - sports teams
County team -- highschool team -- university team -- provincial team -- national team
Become members with past enemies at each stage to combat the greater threat (other
universities, etc.)
What are the post-marital residence patterns? - answers - patrilocal, matrilocal,
avunculocal, uxorilocal, virilocal, neolocal, bilocal
What is the patrilocal pattern? - answers - live with or near husband's father after
marriage
What is the matrilocal pattern? - answers - live with or near wife's mother after marriage
What is the avunculocal pattern? - answers - live with or near husband's mother's
brother (husband's uncle)
What is the uxorilocal pattern? - answers - live with or near the wife's kin
What is the virilocal pattern? - answers - live with or near husband's kin
What is the neolocal pattern? - answers - don't live with or near father or mother's family
What is the bilocal pattern? - answers - alternately shifting between husband's and
wife's kin
What is the most common post-marital residence pattern? - answers - virilocal, 68%
, What is bilateral descent? - answers - descent group is formed by people who believe
they are related to each other by connections made through their mothers and fathers
equally
What is family? - answers - "the basic unit in society having at its nucleus 2 or more
adults living together and cooperating in the care and rearing of their own or adopted
children"
Group of people united by certain convictions, common ancestry, living under one roof
Is marriage the same experience across cultures? - answers - no
What are the cross-cultural features of marriage? - answers - contractual and revocable
(documented/verbal agreement, able to end it), creates kinship (through children; before
children was through -in laws), political/legal/economic/religions ramifications, mutual
obligations between spouses (ex monogamy, roles)
Define polygamy - answers - plural marriage
Define polygyny - answers - man has more than one wife
Define polyandry - answers - woman has more than one husband
What does exogamy force people to create/maintain? - answers - wide social networks
which can be beneficial in times of need
Define incest - answers - refers to sexual relations with a relative
Is incest universal? - answers - yes but the barrier of who is a relative changes
What does coontz tell us about the history of marriage? - answers - historically marriage
was about family connections not love
Why can't we restore marriage to its former supremacy in coordinating social and
interpersonal relationships? - answers - many people don't marry at a "normal age",
many people don't wait until marriage to have sex (doesn't regulate sexual behaviour
anymore), gender equality no longer allows for gender hierarchies, children born out of
wedlock are legitimate now, single life is easier to live now than in the past
What are the least divorce-prone marriages? - answers - husband and wife with
egalitarian views
Why did helen fisher decide to examine biochemical pathways of love in human beings?
- answers - love is biochemically the same reaction across cultures
The brain imaging and functioning of someone in love closely resembles the brain of
what other kinds of people? - answers - people on cocaine or with mental illness
