SOSA 1002 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Sex - Answers - Biological characteristics that make you male or female
Gender - Answers - Cultural constructions and expectations surrounding biological sex
Intersectionality - Answers - ways oppressive institutions are all interconnected and
cannot be examined separately
Types of institutions in Intersectionality - Answers - Race, Sexual orientation, Gender
identity, Nationality, Disability
Nature-Culture Divide - Answers - Debate with regards to separation of culture (as a
social entity) and nature (as a bio-physical entity)
Sexual Dimorphism - Answers - Physical variations between males and females
Division of Labour - Answers - delegation of different tasks between men and women
Gender Stratification - Answers - Unequal distribution of rewards between men and
women (power, prestige, human rights, freedom)
Gender Roles - Answers - the tasks and activities a culture assigns to the sexes
Stereotypes - Answers - simplified but strong held ideas about characteristics between
men and women
hegemonic masculinity - Answers - how "real" men are defined. Notion that it shapes
the socialization and aspirations of young males
Hypermasculinity - Answers - exaggeration of stero-typical male behaviour or "macho
personality"
emphasized femininity - Answers - compliance with hegemonic, accomidating to interns
and desires of men
Gender Identity - Answers - One's private sense of being a man or a woman
Performance - Answers - Gender is performed, we've taken on a role or we're acting in
some way. How we present our gender to the world
Preformativity - Answers - Gender produces a series of effects. We act, walk, and talk in
ways that consolidate an impression of being a man or woman
Orientation - Answers - Heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, asexual
, Gender Identity - Answers - Cisgender, transgender, transsexual, intersex, queer
Heteronormativity - Answers - Privileges that heterosexual people accrue in a society
where homosexuality is discriminated against
gender inequality - Answers - unequal access to power, prestige, and opportunities that
people who are not heterosexual and/ or male
Third Genders - Answers - Transvestites, transgender, transexual, and intersex
Race - Answers - A biological and cultural construction used to position some people as
inferior
Genotype - Answers - Genetic construction
Phenotype - Answers - observable characteristics
Cultural construction - Answers - Classification that is socially defined by things such as
politics, economics, religion, and other parts of society. Blurred to the point people think
they are natural or true
Hypodescent - Answers - policy used by the government to classify the race of
individuals
Ethnic Groups - Answers - Shared beliefs, values, habits, customs, and norms due to:
language, religion, kinship, race, history, and experience
Ethnicity - Answers - identification with feeling part of an ethnic group and exclusion
from certain others because of affiliation
Roots of Ethnic Conflict - Answers - prejudice, stereotypes, discrimination
Social stratification - Answers - Classification of persons into groups based on shared
socio-economic conditions
De Facto - Answers - practices but not legally sanctioned
De Jure - Answers - Part of the Law
Racial Privilege - Answers - Racial concepts used to place a dominant group in a
position of privilege
Typing - Answers - form of decoding any simple, vivid, easily grasped and widely
recognized characterization
Sex - Answers - Biological characteristics that make you male or female
Gender - Answers - Cultural constructions and expectations surrounding biological sex
Intersectionality - Answers - ways oppressive institutions are all interconnected and
cannot be examined separately
Types of institutions in Intersectionality - Answers - Race, Sexual orientation, Gender
identity, Nationality, Disability
Nature-Culture Divide - Answers - Debate with regards to separation of culture (as a
social entity) and nature (as a bio-physical entity)
Sexual Dimorphism - Answers - Physical variations between males and females
Division of Labour - Answers - delegation of different tasks between men and women
Gender Stratification - Answers - Unequal distribution of rewards between men and
women (power, prestige, human rights, freedom)
Gender Roles - Answers - the tasks and activities a culture assigns to the sexes
Stereotypes - Answers - simplified but strong held ideas about characteristics between
men and women
hegemonic masculinity - Answers - how "real" men are defined. Notion that it shapes
the socialization and aspirations of young males
Hypermasculinity - Answers - exaggeration of stero-typical male behaviour or "macho
personality"
emphasized femininity - Answers - compliance with hegemonic, accomidating to interns
and desires of men
Gender Identity - Answers - One's private sense of being a man or a woman
Performance - Answers - Gender is performed, we've taken on a role or we're acting in
some way. How we present our gender to the world
Preformativity - Answers - Gender produces a series of effects. We act, walk, and talk in
ways that consolidate an impression of being a man or woman
Orientation - Answers - Heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, asexual
, Gender Identity - Answers - Cisgender, transgender, transsexual, intersex, queer
Heteronormativity - Answers - Privileges that heterosexual people accrue in a society
where homosexuality is discriminated against
gender inequality - Answers - unequal access to power, prestige, and opportunities that
people who are not heterosexual and/ or male
Third Genders - Answers - Transvestites, transgender, transexual, and intersex
Race - Answers - A biological and cultural construction used to position some people as
inferior
Genotype - Answers - Genetic construction
Phenotype - Answers - observable characteristics
Cultural construction - Answers - Classification that is socially defined by things such as
politics, economics, religion, and other parts of society. Blurred to the point people think
they are natural or true
Hypodescent - Answers - policy used by the government to classify the race of
individuals
Ethnic Groups - Answers - Shared beliefs, values, habits, customs, and norms due to:
language, religion, kinship, race, history, and experience
Ethnicity - Answers - identification with feeling part of an ethnic group and exclusion
from certain others because of affiliation
Roots of Ethnic Conflict - Answers - prejudice, stereotypes, discrimination
Social stratification - Answers - Classification of persons into groups based on shared
socio-economic conditions
De Facto - Answers - practices but not legally sanctioned
De Jure - Answers - Part of the Law
Racial Privilege - Answers - Racial concepts used to place a dominant group in a
position of privilege
Typing - Answers - form of decoding any simple, vivid, easily grasped and widely
recognized characterization
