SOSA 1002 MID-TERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Economic System - Answers - Social and cultural systems that deal with the provision of
goods and service to meet human wants and needs
3 Elements of Economic Systems - Answers - Production, Exchange/Distribution and
Consumption
Cultural Anthropologists - Answers - Focus on the explanation of learned behaviour
Explicit Culture - Answers - Cultural knowledge that people can talk about or are things
that we easily and routinely communicate with words
- It isn't just implied
Example: Manners, how to read, how to greet someone
Tacit Culture - Answers - Are the things we don't typically openly discuss with words.
We learn by observing others and it often occurs unconsciously
Examples: Eye contact, the way we stand in an elevator etc.
Ethnography - Answers - The work of discovering and describing a particular culture
Microcultures - Answers - Systems of cultural knowledge characteristic of subgroups
within larger societies
Detached Observers - Answers - - They observe the human subjects of their study,
categorize what they see, and generate theory to account for their findings
- They work from the outside, creating a system of knowledge to account for other
people's behaviour
Informant - Answers - Instead of looking for a subject to observer, ethnographers look
for an .... to teach them the culture
- The ... transforms the anthropologist from a tourist into an ethnographer
Naive Realism - Answers - The belief that people everywhere see the world in the same
way
Culture Shock - Answers - A state of anxiety that results from cross-cultural
misunderstanding.
Immersed in another society, the ethnographer understands few of the culturally defined
rules for behaviour and interpretation used by his or her hosts
Ethnocentrism - Answers - The belief and feeling that one's own culture is best.
It reflects our tendency to judge other people's beliefs and behaviours using values of
our own naive culture
, Culture - Answers - The learned, shared knowledge that people use to generate
behaviour and interpret experience
Malinowski's Goal of Ethnography - Answers - To grasp the native's point of view, his
relation to life, to realize his vision of his world
3 Fundamental Aspects of Human Experience - Answers - -What people do (Cultural
Behavior)
-What people know (Cultural Knowledge)
-Things people make & use (Cultural Artifacts)
Blumer's 3 Premises of Symbolic Interactionism - Answers - 1) Human beings act
toward things on the basis of the meanings that the things have for them
2) The meaning of such things is derived from or arises out of, the social interaction that
one has with one's fellows
3) Meanings are handled in, and modified through an interpretive process used by the
person dealing with the things he encounters
Symbol - Answers - Anything that we can percieve with our sense that stands for
something else; they greatly simplify the task of communication
Language - Answers - A system of cultural knowledge used to generate and interpret
speech.
Speech - Answers - Refers to the behaviour that produces vocal sounds
Language vs Speech - Answers - Language is part of the culture, the system of
knowledge that generates behaviour. Speech is the behaviour generated and
interpreted by language
3 Subsystems of Vocal Symbols - Answers - Phonology, Grammar, Semantics
Phonology - Answers - Consists of the categories and rules for forming vocal symbols. It
is concerned not directly with meaning but with the formation and recognition of the
vocal sounds to which we assign meaning
- Example: We don't begin words with the phoeme /ng/ (ing)
Phonemes - Answers - The minimal categories of speech sounds that serve to keep
utterances apart.
For example: words- cat, bat, mat etc.
Grammar - Answers - Refers to the categories and rules for combining vocal symbols.
Every ... deals with categories of symbols, such as the ones we call nouns and verbs
Morphemes - Answers - The categories in any language that carry meaning. They occur
in more complex patterns.
Economic System - Answers - Social and cultural systems that deal with the provision of
goods and service to meet human wants and needs
3 Elements of Economic Systems - Answers - Production, Exchange/Distribution and
Consumption
Cultural Anthropologists - Answers - Focus on the explanation of learned behaviour
Explicit Culture - Answers - Cultural knowledge that people can talk about or are things
that we easily and routinely communicate with words
- It isn't just implied
Example: Manners, how to read, how to greet someone
Tacit Culture - Answers - Are the things we don't typically openly discuss with words.
We learn by observing others and it often occurs unconsciously
Examples: Eye contact, the way we stand in an elevator etc.
Ethnography - Answers - The work of discovering and describing a particular culture
Microcultures - Answers - Systems of cultural knowledge characteristic of subgroups
within larger societies
Detached Observers - Answers - - They observe the human subjects of their study,
categorize what they see, and generate theory to account for their findings
- They work from the outside, creating a system of knowledge to account for other
people's behaviour
Informant - Answers - Instead of looking for a subject to observer, ethnographers look
for an .... to teach them the culture
- The ... transforms the anthropologist from a tourist into an ethnographer
Naive Realism - Answers - The belief that people everywhere see the world in the same
way
Culture Shock - Answers - A state of anxiety that results from cross-cultural
misunderstanding.
Immersed in another society, the ethnographer understands few of the culturally defined
rules for behaviour and interpretation used by his or her hosts
Ethnocentrism - Answers - The belief and feeling that one's own culture is best.
It reflects our tendency to judge other people's beliefs and behaviours using values of
our own naive culture
, Culture - Answers - The learned, shared knowledge that people use to generate
behaviour and interpret experience
Malinowski's Goal of Ethnography - Answers - To grasp the native's point of view, his
relation to life, to realize his vision of his world
3 Fundamental Aspects of Human Experience - Answers - -What people do (Cultural
Behavior)
-What people know (Cultural Knowledge)
-Things people make & use (Cultural Artifacts)
Blumer's 3 Premises of Symbolic Interactionism - Answers - 1) Human beings act
toward things on the basis of the meanings that the things have for them
2) The meaning of such things is derived from or arises out of, the social interaction that
one has with one's fellows
3) Meanings are handled in, and modified through an interpretive process used by the
person dealing with the things he encounters
Symbol - Answers - Anything that we can percieve with our sense that stands for
something else; they greatly simplify the task of communication
Language - Answers - A system of cultural knowledge used to generate and interpret
speech.
Speech - Answers - Refers to the behaviour that produces vocal sounds
Language vs Speech - Answers - Language is part of the culture, the system of
knowledge that generates behaviour. Speech is the behaviour generated and
interpreted by language
3 Subsystems of Vocal Symbols - Answers - Phonology, Grammar, Semantics
Phonology - Answers - Consists of the categories and rules for forming vocal symbols. It
is concerned not directly with meaning but with the formation and recognition of the
vocal sounds to which we assign meaning
- Example: We don't begin words with the phoeme /ng/ (ing)
Phonemes - Answers - The minimal categories of speech sounds that serve to keep
utterances apart.
For example: words- cat, bat, mat etc.
Grammar - Answers - Refers to the categories and rules for combining vocal symbols.
Every ... deals with categories of symbols, such as the ones we call nouns and verbs
Morphemes - Answers - The categories in any language that carry meaning. They occur
in more complex patterns.
