AP Environmental Science Unit 2 Study Guide | Biodiversity & Ecosystems

​ P​​Environmental​​Science​​—​​Unit​​2​​Study​
A
​Guide​
​Biodiversity​​&​​Ecosystems​


​2.1​​Biodiversity​​Basics​

​Three​​Types​​of​​Biodiversity​

​​ E
● ​ cosystem​​diversity​​--​​the​​number​​of​​different​​habitats​​in​​a​​given​​area​
​●​ ​Species​​diversity​​--​​the​​number​​of​​different​​species​​in​​a​​given​​area​
​●​ ​Genetic​​diversity​​--​​how​​different​​the​​genomes​​are​​among​​individuals​​in​​a​​population;​
​prevents​​diseases​​from​​wiping​​out​​an​​entire​​population​

​Species​​Diversity​​Measurements​

​​ R
● ​ ichness​​--​​the​​number​​of​​different​​species​​present,​​regardless​​of​​abundance​
​●​ ​Evenness​​--​​how​​equally​​individuals​​are​​distributed​​among​​species​

​Key​​Concepts​

​●​ B ​ ottleneck​​events​​reduce​​genetic​​diversity,​​making​​populations​​more​​vulnerable​​to​
​future​​disturbances​
​●​ ​Inbreeding​​depression​​occurs​​when​​closely​​related​​organisms​​mate,​​increasing​​the​
​chance​​of​​harmful​​genetic​​mutations​​in​​offspring​
​●​ ​High​​species​​diversity​​=​​greater​​ecosystem​​resilience​​after​​disturbances​




​2.2​​Ecosystem​​Services​

​Goods​​and​​services​​provided​​by​​natural​​ecosystems​​that​​benefit​​humans.​​Four​​types:​

​Type​ ​Definition​ ​Example​

​ rovisionin​ ​Goods​​taken​​directly​​from​​or​​made​
P ​Food,​​wood,​​paper​
​g​ ​from​​ecosystems​