HNSC 1210 FINAL | 397 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
describe a lipid Answer - they are soluble in organic solvent but not in water
(our body is mostly water)
what is the recommended amount for dietary fat? Answer - no more than 30%
energy from dietary fat
recommendation from saturated fat? Answer - no more than 10%
benefits of a low saturated and trans fat diet? Answer - helps to reduce blood
cholesterol amd thus heart disease
what does unsaturated fat do? Answer - can reduce blood clotting
what are 2 polyunsaturated fatty acids? Answer - omega-6 and omega-3
how much energy should come from omega-6? Answer - 5-10% energy
how much energy should come from omega-3? Answer - .6-1.2%
what are some foods high in cholesterol? Answer - eggs, shellfish and liver
,describe triglycerides Answer - -95% of lipid in foods and body fat
-contain 3 fatty acids + a glycerol backbone
what is glycerol made from? Answer - glucose or amino acids
what are fatty acids classified by? Answer - chain length and degree of
saturation
chain lengths of fatty acids Answer - short= 10 or less carbons, medium=12-14
carbons, long= 16 or more carbons
describe saturated Answer - -has NO double bonds (c=c)
-tend to be solid at room temperature
examples of saturated fats Answer - butterfield, coconut and palm oils
describe monounsaturated Answer - has 1 double bond
examples of monounsaturated fats Answer - conola and olive oils
describe polyunsaturated Answer - -2 or more double bonds
-tend to be liquid (oils) at room temperature
examples of polyunsaturated fats Answer - plant and fish oils
,hydrogenation Answer - removing C=C double bonds by adding hydrogen, it
creates trans-fatty acids which act like saturated fatty acids in the body
(increased risk for heart disease)
benefits of hydrogenation Answer - -better storage/less rancidity and high
smoke point for frying but there are health costs (such as cardiovascular
disease)
where are trans fatty acids consumed from? Answer - in processed foods, fast
food, baked goods and potato chips
examples of lipids Answer - phospholipids and sterols
describe phospholipids Answer - -glucerole molecule + 2 fatty acids +
phosphorus containing molecule
-water and fat soluble
-can serve as an emulsifer
examples of sterols Answer - Vit D, sex hormones (estrogen and testosteron),
stress hormone (epinephrine)
what is cholesterol? Answer - a sterol
describe cholesterol Answer - it is present in all cell membranes, bile and
precursors for: Vit D, sex and stress hormones
describe lipid digestion in the stomach Answer - fat separates from watery
components and floats to the top- little fat digestion takes place here
, describe lipid digestion in the small intestine Answer - bile is needed to
emulsify lipid and chyme, pancreatic lipase (enzyme) is then used to split it into
smaller particles
lipid digestion and absorption Answer - -small lipids enter the capillary
network then into the bloodstream
-large lipids (long chain fatty acids & monoglycerides) travel in the bloodstream
as chylomicrons
what are the lipoproteins the body uses to transport fat? Answer -
chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein
(LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL)
describe chylomicrons Answer - dietary lipid and carrier protein that
transports fats through watery blood fluids
describe very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) Answer - tryglycerides synthesized
in the liver to body cells
describe low density lipoprotein (LDL) Answer - carries triglycerides and
cholesterol circulating in the blood to body cells
describe high density lipoproteins (HDL) Answer - carries excess cholesterol in
the body to the liver for excretion
what is used for energy by many organs? Answer - fatty acids
what is the typical fuel mix? Answer - 50% carbohydrates, 50% lipids for liver
and mucles
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
describe a lipid Answer - they are soluble in organic solvent but not in water
(our body is mostly water)
what is the recommended amount for dietary fat? Answer - no more than 30%
energy from dietary fat
recommendation from saturated fat? Answer - no more than 10%
benefits of a low saturated and trans fat diet? Answer - helps to reduce blood
cholesterol amd thus heart disease
what does unsaturated fat do? Answer - can reduce blood clotting
what are 2 polyunsaturated fatty acids? Answer - omega-6 and omega-3
how much energy should come from omega-6? Answer - 5-10% energy
how much energy should come from omega-3? Answer - .6-1.2%
what are some foods high in cholesterol? Answer - eggs, shellfish and liver
,describe triglycerides Answer - -95% of lipid in foods and body fat
-contain 3 fatty acids + a glycerol backbone
what is glycerol made from? Answer - glucose or amino acids
what are fatty acids classified by? Answer - chain length and degree of
saturation
chain lengths of fatty acids Answer - short= 10 or less carbons, medium=12-14
carbons, long= 16 or more carbons
describe saturated Answer - -has NO double bonds (c=c)
-tend to be solid at room temperature
examples of saturated fats Answer - butterfield, coconut and palm oils
describe monounsaturated Answer - has 1 double bond
examples of monounsaturated fats Answer - conola and olive oils
describe polyunsaturated Answer - -2 or more double bonds
-tend to be liquid (oils) at room temperature
examples of polyunsaturated fats Answer - plant and fish oils
,hydrogenation Answer - removing C=C double bonds by adding hydrogen, it
creates trans-fatty acids which act like saturated fatty acids in the body
(increased risk for heart disease)
benefits of hydrogenation Answer - -better storage/less rancidity and high
smoke point for frying but there are health costs (such as cardiovascular
disease)
where are trans fatty acids consumed from? Answer - in processed foods, fast
food, baked goods and potato chips
examples of lipids Answer - phospholipids and sterols
describe phospholipids Answer - -glucerole molecule + 2 fatty acids +
phosphorus containing molecule
-water and fat soluble
-can serve as an emulsifer
examples of sterols Answer - Vit D, sex hormones (estrogen and testosteron),
stress hormone (epinephrine)
what is cholesterol? Answer - a sterol
describe cholesterol Answer - it is present in all cell membranes, bile and
precursors for: Vit D, sex and stress hormones
describe lipid digestion in the stomach Answer - fat separates from watery
components and floats to the top- little fat digestion takes place here
, describe lipid digestion in the small intestine Answer - bile is needed to
emulsify lipid and chyme, pancreatic lipase (enzyme) is then used to split it into
smaller particles
lipid digestion and absorption Answer - -small lipids enter the capillary
network then into the bloodstream
-large lipids (long chain fatty acids & monoglycerides) travel in the bloodstream
as chylomicrons
what are the lipoproteins the body uses to transport fat? Answer -
chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein
(LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL)
describe chylomicrons Answer - dietary lipid and carrier protein that
transports fats through watery blood fluids
describe very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) Answer - tryglycerides synthesized
in the liver to body cells
describe low density lipoprotein (LDL) Answer - carries triglycerides and
cholesterol circulating in the blood to body cells
describe high density lipoproteins (HDL) Answer - carries excess cholesterol in
the body to the liver for excretion
what is used for energy by many organs? Answer - fatty acids
what is the typical fuel mix? Answer - 50% carbohydrates, 50% lipids for liver
and mucles
