Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition Test Bank Updated Latest Comprehensive Exam Practice Questions with Verified Answers for Students Covers Disease Mechanisms, Clinical Concepts, and Health Disorders 2026–2027.

TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE T




1. A student is observing *a *cell *under *the *microscope. *It *is *observed *to *have *supercoiled
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*DNA *with * histones. *Which *of *the *following *would *also *be *observed *by *the
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*student?

a. A *single *circular *chromosome
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b. A *nucleus T



c. Free-floating *nuclear *material T T



d. No *organelles T




ANS: * B T



The *cell *described *is *a *eukaryotic *cell, *so *it *has *histones *and *a *supercoiled *DNA
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*within *its * nucleus; *thus, *the *nucleus *should *be *observed. *A *single *circular
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*chromosome *called *a *prokaryote *contains * free-floating *nuclear *material *but *has * no
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*organelles.



2. A *nurse * is * instructing *the *staff *about *cellular * functions. *Which *cellular *function * is
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*the *nurse *describing *when *an *isolated *cell *absorbs *oxygen *and *uses *it *to *transform
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*nutrients *to *energy? T T



a. Metabolic *absorption T



b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: * D T



The *cell’s *ability *to *absorb *oxygen *is *referred *to *as *respiration *while *its *communication
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N
*ability * involves *maintenance *of *a *ste ad y *dynamic *state, *metabolic *absorption *provides
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*nutrition, *and *secretion *allows * for *the *synthesizing *of *new *substances.
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3. A *eukaryotic *cell *is *undergoing *DNA *replication. *In *which *region *of *the *cell *would
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*most *of *the *genetic * information *be *contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus *cytoplasm T




ANS: * C T



The *region *of *the *cell *that *contains *genetic *material, *including *a *large *amount *of
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*ribonucleic *acid, *most *of *the *DNA, *and *DNA-binding *proteins, *is *the *nucleolus, *which
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*is *located *within *the *cell’s *nucleus. *Mitochondria * is *associated *with *cellular
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*respiration *while *ribosomes *are * involved *with *protein * manufacturing. *Cytoplasm * is *a
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*fluid * filling *that *is *a *component *of *the *cell.
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4. Which *of *the *following *can *remove *proteins *attached *to *the *cell’s *bilayer *by
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dissolving *the *layer * itself?
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a. Peripheral *membrane *proteins T T



b. Integral *membrane *proteins T T



c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell *adhesion *molecules T T




TESTBANK

,TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
ANS: * B T



Proteins *directly *attached *to *the *membrane *bilayer *can *be *removed *by *the *action *of
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*integral * membrane *proteins *that *dissolve *the *bilayer. *Peripheral * membrane *proteins
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*reside *at *the *surface *while *cell *adhesion * molecules *are *on *the *outside *of *the
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*membrane. *Glycoprotein * marks *cells *and *does *not *float.
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5. Which *of *the * following *can *bind *to *plasma *membrane *receptors?
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a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic *lipids T



d. Ligands
ANS: * D T



Ligands *are *the *only *specific *molecules *that *can *bind *with *receptors *on *the *cell * membrane.
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6. A *nurse *is *reviewing *a *report *from *a *patient *with *metastatic *cancer. *What *alternation
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*in *the *extracellular *matrix *would *support *the *diagnosis *of * metastatic *cancer?
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a. Decreased *fibronectin T



b. Increased *collagen T



c. Decreased *elastin T



d. Increased *glycoproteins T




ANS: * A T



Only *a *reduced *amount *of *fibronectin *is *found *in *some *types *of *cancerous *cells,
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*allowing *them *to *travel *or *metastasize.
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7. Which *form *of *cell *communication *is *used *to *relate *to *other *cells * in *direct *physical
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* contact?
a. Cell *junction T N
b. Gap *junction T



c. Desmosome
d. Tight *junction T




ANS: * A T



Cell *junctions *hold *cells *together *and *permit *molecules *to *pass *from *cell *to *cell. *Gap
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*junctions *allow * for *cellular *communication *between *cells. *Neither *desmosomes *nor *tight
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*junctions *are *associated *with *cellular *communication.
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8. Pancreatic *beta *cells *secrete *insulin, *which *inhibits *secretion *of *glucagon *from
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*neighboring *alpha *cells. *This *action * is *an *example *of *which *of *the *following
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*signaling *types? T



a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: * A T



Paracrine *signaling *involves *the *release *of *local *chemical *mediators *that *are *quickly
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*taken *up, *destroyed, *or *immobilized, *as *in *the *case *of * insulin *and *the *inhibition *of
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*the *secretion *of *glucagon. *None *of *the *other *options * involve *signaling *that *is
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*associated *with *a *local *chemical * mediator *like *insulin.
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9. In *cellular *metabolism, *each *enzyme *has *a *high *affinity *for *a:
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a. solute.

TESTBANK

,TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: * B T



Each *enzyme *has *a *high *affinity *for *a *substrate, *a *specific *substance *converted *to *a
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*product *of *the *reaction. *Cellular * metabolism * is *not *dependent *on *an *attraction
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*between *an *enzyme *and *any *of *the *remaining *options.
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10. An *athlete *runs *a * marathon, *after *which *his * muscles * feel * fatigued *and *unable *to
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*contract. *The *athlete *asks *the *nurse *why *this *happened. *The *nurse’s *response *is *based
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*on *the *knowledge *that *the *problem * is *result *of *a *deficiency *of:
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a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS: * C T



When *ATP *is *deficient, *impaired *muscle *contraction *results. *None *of *the *other *options
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*are *involved * in * muscle *contraction.
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11. Which *phase *of *catabolism *produces *the *most *ATP?
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a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric *acid *cycle T T




ANS: T * D N
While *some *ATP *is *produced *during *the *oxidation *and *glycolysis *phases, * most *of *the *ATP
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*is

generated *during *the *citric *acid *cycle. *Digestion *does *not *produce *any *ATP.
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12. A *nurse *is *teaching *the *staff *about *the *phases *of *cellular *catabolism. *Which *phases
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* should *the *nurse *include?
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a. Digestion, *glycolysis, *oxidation, *and *the *citric *acid *cycle
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b. Diffusion, *osmosis, *and *mediated *transport T T T T



c. S *phase, *G *phase, *and *M *phase
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d. Metabolic *absorption, *respiration, *and *excretion T T T T




ANS: * A T



Only *digestion, *glycolysis, *oxidation, *and *the *citric *acid *cycle *are *the *phases *of *cellular
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*catabolism.



13. A *runner *has *depleted *all *the *oxygen *available *for *muscle *energy. *Which *of *the
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* following *will *facilitate *his *continued * muscle *performance?
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a. Electron-transport *chain T



b. Aerobic *glycolysis T



c. Anaerobic *glycolysis T



d. Oxidative *phosphorylation T




ANS: * C T




TESTBANK

, TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
7TH EDITION BY HUETHER
When *no *oxygen *is *available, *anaerobic *glycolysis *occurs. *The *electron-transport *chain
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*is *part *of *the *citric *acid *cycle. *Aerobic *glycolysis * involves *the *presence *of *oxygen.
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*Oxidative *phosphorylation * is *the * mechanism * by *which *the *energy *produced *from
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*carbohydrates, *fats, *and *proteins * is *transferred *to *ATP. *It *is * not *part *of * muscle
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*performance.



14. A *faculty *member *asks *a *student *to *identify *the *appropriate *term *for *the *movement *of
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*a *solute *from *an *area *of *greater *to *lesser *concentration. *Which *answer * indicates *the
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*nursing *student *understood *the *teaching?
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a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic *pressure T



d. Active *transport T




ANS: * B T



Diffusion *is *the *movement *of *a *solute *molecule *from *an *area *of *greater *solute
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*concentration *to *an *area *of * lesser *solute *concentration *through *a *permeable * membrane.
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*Osmosis * is *the * movement *of *water *across *a *semipermeable * membrane * from *a *region
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*of *higher *water *concentration *to *one *of *lower *concentration. *Hydrostatic *pressure * is
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*the *force *of *fluid *against * a *cell * membrane. *In *active *transport, *molecules * move *up *a
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*concentration *gradient. T




15. Which *description *accurately *describes *electrolytes?
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a. Small *lipid-soluble *molecules T T



b. Large *protein *molecules T T



c. Micronutrients *used *to *produce *ATP T T T T



d. Electrically *charged * molecules T T




ANS: * D T



Electrolytes *are *electrically *chaNrged *molecules. *They *are *not *lipid *soluble, *they *are *not * made
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up *of *protein, *and *they *do *not *play *a *role *in * ATP *production.
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16. A *nurse *is *reading *a *chart *and *sees *the *term *oncotic *pressure. *The *nurse *recalls *that
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oncotic *pressure *(colloid *osmotic *pressure) * is *determined *by:
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a. the *concentration *of *sodium.
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b. plasma *proteins. T



c. hydrostatic *pressure. T



d. the *availability *of *membrane *transporter *proteins.
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ANS: * B T



Oncotic *pressure *is *determined *by *the *effect *of *colloids *or *plasma *proteins. *The
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*concentration *of *sodium *plays *a *role *in *tonicity. *Hydrostatic *pressure *is *the *force *within
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*a *vessel. *Membrane *transporter *proteins *are *involved * in *active *transport *within *a
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*concentration *gradient. T




17. A *patient *has *a *body *fluid *of *300 *mOsm/kg. *This * lab *result * is * measuring:
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a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmotic *pressure. T



d. oncotic *pressure. T




ANS: * A T





TESTBANK