Module 2: Antecedents of Science and Technology in
Historical Perspective
Learning Outcomes
Students will analyze historical events shaping Philippine science, appreciate
the contributions of Filipino communities, and create a visual timeline of
significant technological advancements.
Introduction
This module explores the "antecedents"—historical innovations and policies
that serve as the foundation for modern science—with a specific focus on how
Philippine leadership and societal needs drive progress. This helps us
appreciate the progress achieved overtime and provide insight into how the
past shape the current and future scientific and technological endeavors.
I. Ancient Period
This era marks the transition from nomadic survival to the establishment of
organized, settled societies.
Stone Age
The earliest period where humans relied on primitive tools for survival.
• Development of stone tools and weapons.
• Discovery and control of fire.
• Use of animal skins for clothing.
Neolithic Period
Known as the Agricultural Revolution, where humans began to reshape
their environment.
• Domestication of plants and animals.
• Invention of the plow.
• Establishment of permanent human settlements.
, II. Early Civilizations
The rise of "cradles of civilization" that introduced systematic knowledge and
engineering.
Mesopotamia
Located in the Tigris-Euphrates valley, known for foundational logic and
math.
• Cuneiform: First systematic writing.
• Math: Development of the base-60 system.
• Agriculture and Irrigation: Use of canals and dikes for farming.
• Astronomy: Study stars and planets to create calendars.
• Medicine: Use early diagnostic methods and herbal treatments
Ancient Egypt
A civilization famous for massive infrastructure and medical knowledge.
• Engineering and Architecture: Built using advance measurement
and construction techniques.
• Medicine: Early practices in surgery and dentistry.
• Geometry: Used for land measurement and architecture.
• Astronomy: Created calendars based on the movement of stars.
• Irrigation Systems: Controlled flooding of the Nile for agriculture.
Indus Valley
Located in modern-day South Asia, famous for its advanced city
structures.
• Urban Planning: Use of grid systems for cities.
• Sanitation Technology: Advanced sewage and drainage systems.
• Standardized Weights and Measures: Used for trading.
• Brick Technology: Used in construction.
• Agriculture: Cultivated cotton and developed irrigation
techniques.
Ancient China
Known for inventions that changed global trade and warfare.
Historical Perspective
Learning Outcomes
Students will analyze historical events shaping Philippine science, appreciate
the contributions of Filipino communities, and create a visual timeline of
significant technological advancements.
Introduction
This module explores the "antecedents"—historical innovations and policies
that serve as the foundation for modern science—with a specific focus on how
Philippine leadership and societal needs drive progress. This helps us
appreciate the progress achieved overtime and provide insight into how the
past shape the current and future scientific and technological endeavors.
I. Ancient Period
This era marks the transition from nomadic survival to the establishment of
organized, settled societies.
Stone Age
The earliest period where humans relied on primitive tools for survival.
• Development of stone tools and weapons.
• Discovery and control of fire.
• Use of animal skins for clothing.
Neolithic Period
Known as the Agricultural Revolution, where humans began to reshape
their environment.
• Domestication of plants and animals.
• Invention of the plow.
• Establishment of permanent human settlements.
, II. Early Civilizations
The rise of "cradles of civilization" that introduced systematic knowledge and
engineering.
Mesopotamia
Located in the Tigris-Euphrates valley, known for foundational logic and
math.
• Cuneiform: First systematic writing.
• Math: Development of the base-60 system.
• Agriculture and Irrigation: Use of canals and dikes for farming.
• Astronomy: Study stars and planets to create calendars.
• Medicine: Use early diagnostic methods and herbal treatments
Ancient Egypt
A civilization famous for massive infrastructure and medical knowledge.
• Engineering and Architecture: Built using advance measurement
and construction techniques.
• Medicine: Early practices in surgery and dentistry.
• Geometry: Used for land measurement and architecture.
• Astronomy: Created calendars based on the movement of stars.
• Irrigation Systems: Controlled flooding of the Nile for agriculture.
Indus Valley
Located in modern-day South Asia, famous for its advanced city
structures.
• Urban Planning: Use of grid systems for cities.
• Sanitation Technology: Advanced sewage and drainage systems.
• Standardized Weights and Measures: Used for trading.
• Brick Technology: Used in construction.
• Agriculture: Cultivated cotton and developed irrigation
techniques.
Ancient China
Known for inventions that changed global trade and warfare.
