PN 4003 EXAM 2026 FINAL PAPER FULLY
SOLVED FOR TOP PERFORMANCE
◉if co2 increases, what does your body do?. Answer: increases resp
rate to remove co2
◉what is shock?. Answer: A failure of the circulatory system to
support vital body functions. inadequate tissue perfusion.
◉neurogenic shock. Answer: Circulatory failure caused by paralysis
of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to
widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
◉hypovolemic shock. Answer: shock resulting from blood or fluid
loss
caused by bleeding/hemorrhage, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea,
third-spacing
◉cardiogenic shock. Answer: Shock caused by inadequate function
of the heart, or pump failure.
,◉anaphylactic shock. Answer: A severe reaction that occurs when an
allergen is introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual.
Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing,
widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden
death.
◉septic shock. Answer: Shock caused by severe infection, usually a
bacterial infection.
◉stages of shock. Answer: -Compensated
-Decompensated
-Irreversible
◉what % of blood/fluid loss is hypovolemic shock?. Answer: 15%
◉hypokalemia. Answer: Low potassium levels in the blood.
◉hypokalemia s/s. Answer: Fatigue, Anorexia, N/V, Muscle
weakness, Decreased GI motility, Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T
waves on ECG
◉which electrolytes relate to osmotic pressure?. Answer: sodium,
chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate
, ◉calciums role in the body. Answer: - 99% of calcium in the body is
found in solid mineral deposits in the bones and teeth
- the remaining 1% is found in intracellular fluid, blood and
extracellular fluid
- calcium found in the body's fluid plays a role in nerve transmission,
muscle contractions, blood pressure regulation and the release of
hormones
◉hypercalcemia s/s. Answer: Muscle weakness, Constipation,
Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Neurosis, Dysrhythmias,
◉hypocalcemia s/s. Answer: C.A.T.S.
C - Convulsions
A- Arrhythmias
T - Tetany (involuntary contraction of muscles)
S - Spasms and stridor
◉sensible fluid loss. Answer: Measurable and perceived; urine,
diarrhea, ostomy, gastric drainage.
◉insensible fluid loss. Answer: Occurs daily through lungs and skin-
-cannot be measured for accurate output
◉hypervolemia s/s. Answer: -Hypertension
SOLVED FOR TOP PERFORMANCE
◉if co2 increases, what does your body do?. Answer: increases resp
rate to remove co2
◉what is shock?. Answer: A failure of the circulatory system to
support vital body functions. inadequate tissue perfusion.
◉neurogenic shock. Answer: Circulatory failure caused by paralysis
of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to
widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.
◉hypovolemic shock. Answer: shock resulting from blood or fluid
loss
caused by bleeding/hemorrhage, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea,
third-spacing
◉cardiogenic shock. Answer: Shock caused by inadequate function
of the heart, or pump failure.
,◉anaphylactic shock. Answer: A severe reaction that occurs when an
allergen is introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual.
Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing,
widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden
death.
◉septic shock. Answer: Shock caused by severe infection, usually a
bacterial infection.
◉stages of shock. Answer: -Compensated
-Decompensated
-Irreversible
◉what % of blood/fluid loss is hypovolemic shock?. Answer: 15%
◉hypokalemia. Answer: Low potassium levels in the blood.
◉hypokalemia s/s. Answer: Fatigue, Anorexia, N/V, Muscle
weakness, Decreased GI motility, Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T
waves on ECG
◉which electrolytes relate to osmotic pressure?. Answer: sodium,
chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate
, ◉calciums role in the body. Answer: - 99% of calcium in the body is
found in solid mineral deposits in the bones and teeth
- the remaining 1% is found in intracellular fluid, blood and
extracellular fluid
- calcium found in the body's fluid plays a role in nerve transmission,
muscle contractions, blood pressure regulation and the release of
hormones
◉hypercalcemia s/s. Answer: Muscle weakness, Constipation,
Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Neurosis, Dysrhythmias,
◉hypocalcemia s/s. Answer: C.A.T.S.
C - Convulsions
A- Arrhythmias
T - Tetany (involuntary contraction of muscles)
S - Spasms and stridor
◉sensible fluid loss. Answer: Measurable and perceived; urine,
diarrhea, ostomy, gastric drainage.
◉insensible fluid loss. Answer: Occurs daily through lungs and skin-
-cannot be measured for accurate output
◉hypervolemia s/s. Answer: -Hypertension
