PN 4003 EXAM 2026 PREMIUM REVIEW SET
WITH DETAILED ANSWER KEY
◉what is erythrocytosis. Answer: Increase or high level of RBCs
high altitude long term = high concentration of RBC (less oxygen in
atmosphere, body compensates)
◉left vs right sided HF. Answer: Left sided:
Blood backs into lungs, can't fill, CAD and HTN
Side effects:
Fatigue, activity intolerance, dyspnea, SOB, cough, orthopnea,
inspiratory crackles, wheezes, S3 gallop.
Right sided:
Blood backs in the periphery. Third spacing.
Side effects:
COPD, Peripheral edema, JVD, hepatomegaly, anorexia
◉true or false: S3 sound is an indicator of heart failure. Answer: true
,◉myocardial infarction s/s. Answer: sudden sever chest pain
pain radiates to neck and left arm
indigestion
fatigue
nausea
hypotension
rapid weak pulse
low grade fever
◉indication for a pacemaker. Answer: One major indication for a
pacemaker is heart block, a condition where the electrical signals
that control the heartbeat are delayed or completely blocked.
◉true or false: a pacemaker is used for afib. Answer: false
◉what is a risk of high bp?. Answer: stroke
◉what is a tracheostomy. Answer: surgical procedure that involves
inserting a tube into the trachea to open it up to airflow
◉complications of a tracheostomy. Answer: Bleeding: During or
immediately after surgery.
, Infection: At the surgical site.
Pneumothorax: Air enters the pleural cavity, causing lung collapse.
Subcutaneous Emphysema: Air trapped under the skin.
Tracheal Injury: Damage to the trachea or surrounding structures.
Tracheal Stenosis: Narrowing of the trachea at the site of the
tracheostomy.
Tracheomalacia: Weakening or collapse of the trachea around the
stoma.
Granulation Tissue: Excessive tissue growth at the stoma or around
the tracheostomy tube.
Tube Obstruction: Blockage due to mucus plugs or secretions.
Aspiration: Inhalation of saliva or food into the lungs.
◉indications for a tracheostomy. Answer: -acute or chronic upper
airway obstruction
WITH DETAILED ANSWER KEY
◉what is erythrocytosis. Answer: Increase or high level of RBCs
high altitude long term = high concentration of RBC (less oxygen in
atmosphere, body compensates)
◉left vs right sided HF. Answer: Left sided:
Blood backs into lungs, can't fill, CAD and HTN
Side effects:
Fatigue, activity intolerance, dyspnea, SOB, cough, orthopnea,
inspiratory crackles, wheezes, S3 gallop.
Right sided:
Blood backs in the periphery. Third spacing.
Side effects:
COPD, Peripheral edema, JVD, hepatomegaly, anorexia
◉true or false: S3 sound is an indicator of heart failure. Answer: true
,◉myocardial infarction s/s. Answer: sudden sever chest pain
pain radiates to neck and left arm
indigestion
fatigue
nausea
hypotension
rapid weak pulse
low grade fever
◉indication for a pacemaker. Answer: One major indication for a
pacemaker is heart block, a condition where the electrical signals
that control the heartbeat are delayed or completely blocked.
◉true or false: a pacemaker is used for afib. Answer: false
◉what is a risk of high bp?. Answer: stroke
◉what is a tracheostomy. Answer: surgical procedure that involves
inserting a tube into the trachea to open it up to airflow
◉complications of a tracheostomy. Answer: Bleeding: During or
immediately after surgery.
, Infection: At the surgical site.
Pneumothorax: Air enters the pleural cavity, causing lung collapse.
Subcutaneous Emphysema: Air trapped under the skin.
Tracheal Injury: Damage to the trachea or surrounding structures.
Tracheal Stenosis: Narrowing of the trachea at the site of the
tracheostomy.
Tracheomalacia: Weakening or collapse of the trachea around the
stoma.
Granulation Tissue: Excessive tissue growth at the stoma or around
the tracheostomy tube.
Tube Obstruction: Blockage due to mucus plugs or secretions.
Aspiration: Inhalation of saliva or food into the lungs.
◉indications for a tracheostomy. Answer: -acute or chronic upper
airway obstruction
