PORTAGE LEARNING MICROBIOLOGY BIOD 171
EXAM 4 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEED PASS
◉ True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule.
Answer: False
◉ At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what? Answer:
Macromolecules
A student may also answer: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and
Polysaccharides but they must answer with all four to be fully
correct.
◉ Proteins are formed from various combinations of _______ of which
there are ______ known forms. Answer: 1. Amino acids
2. 20
◉ How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino
acids? Answer: 9
,◉ The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
A. Restricts movement of materials in and out of the cell
B. Is often a triple layer comprised of lipids
C. Prevents essential nutrients from escaping
D. Contains hydrophobic tails pointing outward Answer: A;C
◉ Complete the following DNA strand, and indicate how many bonds
are formed for each complementary pair:
3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CC _____AGC 3' Answer: 3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CCAGTAGC 3'
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G
and C.
◉ True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is
contained within a membrane-enclosed region. Answer: False
◉ How many carbon atoms are present in the monosaccharide
glucose? Answer: 6
,◉ Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies. Answer: Coccus
(round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum
(spiral/corkscrew).
◉ True or False: Archaea, a eukaryotic class of microorganisms, is
capable of surviving harsh environments. Answer: False
◉ Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be
Eukarya? Select all that apply.
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista Answer: All of them
◉ Microorganisms classified as _________ obtain most of their energy
by converting light energy into chemical energy. Answer: Plantae
◉ A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the
cell walls. Which of following also contain chitin? Select all that
apply.
A. Mushrooms
B. Bacteria
C. Yeast
D. Molds Answer: A, C, D
, ◉ True or False: Protista retain a unicellular classification, as they
are unable to form tissue layers. Answer: True
◉ True of False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as
Animalia are heterotrophic Answer: True
◉ The function of the lysosome is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes Answer: E
◉ The function of the mitochondria is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes Answer: C
EXAM 4 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEED PASS
◉ True or False: The smallest biological unit of life is the molecule.
Answer: False
◉ At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what? Answer:
Macromolecules
A student may also answer: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and
Polysaccharides but they must answer with all four to be fully
correct.
◉ Proteins are formed from various combinations of _______ of which
there are ______ known forms. Answer: 1. Amino acids
2. 20
◉ How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino
acids? Answer: 9
,◉ The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
A. Restricts movement of materials in and out of the cell
B. Is often a triple layer comprised of lipids
C. Prevents essential nutrients from escaping
D. Contains hydrophobic tails pointing outward Answer: A;C
◉ Complete the following DNA strand, and indicate how many bonds
are formed for each complementary pair:
3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CC _____AGC 3' Answer: 3' GGTCATCG 5'
5' CCAGTAGC 3'
There are 2 bonds formed between A and T, and 3 bonds between G
and C.
◉ True of False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is
contained within a membrane-enclosed region. Answer: False
◉ How many carbon atoms are present in the monosaccharide
glucose? Answer: 6
,◉ Describe the 4 basic bacterial morphologies. Answer: Coccus
(round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum
(spiral/corkscrew).
◉ True or False: Archaea, a eukaryotic class of microorganisms, is
capable of surviving harsh environments. Answer: False
◉ Which of the following microorganisms are considered to be
Eukarya? Select all that apply.
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista Answer: All of them
◉ Microorganisms classified as _________ obtain most of their energy
by converting light energy into chemical energy. Answer: Plantae
◉ A defining characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in the
cell walls. Which of following also contain chitin? Select all that
apply.
A. Mushrooms
B. Bacteria
C. Yeast
D. Molds Answer: A, C, D
, ◉ True or False: Protista retain a unicellular classification, as they
are unable to form tissue layers. Answer: True
◉ True of False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as
Animalia are heterotrophic Answer: True
◉ The function of the lysosome is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes Answer: E
◉ The function of the mitochondria is (select all that apply):
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. To produce energy (ATP)
D. Protein modification and distribution
E. Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes Answer: C
