Barkley 3P Exam Questions and Answers 2025
Update
Aortic regurgitation
A soft, high pitched, blowing diastolic decrescendo murmur best heard at the 3rd left interspace
at base, initiated with S2 and heard when the patient sits up and leans forward.
Mitral stenosis
A low pitched diastolic rumble that does not radiate, best heard at the apex when in the left
lateral position.
Aortic stenosis
A loud, harsh murmur occurring midsystole, radiating down the side of the neck and down to
the apex.
Mitral regurgitation
A loud blowing murmur heard at the apex that is pansystolic.
Osteoporosis
The most common metabolic bone disease characterized by chronic, progressive, systemic low
bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased skeletal fragility and deformity.
Bone deformity
The most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
A class of medications used to treat erectile dysfunction.
Tadalafil (Cialis)
May be used at a dose of 2.5 mg daily if sexual activity will take place two or more times per
week.
Vardenafil (Levitra)
5 mg may be taken with a high-fat meal four hours before sexual activity.
Sildenafil (Viagra)
50 mg may be taken one hour before sexual activity as long as the patient has a resting blood
pressure below 170/110 mm Hg.
Avanafil (Stendra)
Recommended at 50 mg for all patients, and may be taken 30 minutes before sexual activity.
Virchow's Triad
,Barkley 3P Exam Questions and Answers 2025
Update
A method of describing the three main factors that lead to thrombosis: hypercoagulability,
damage to endothelial cells, and turbulent blood flow.
Hypercoagulability
A condition that leads to clotting, including malignancy, trauma, sepsis, and thrombophilia.
Endothelial cell damage
Part of Virchow's triad that causes blood to clot by promoting platelet adherence to the wall of
the vessels.
Turbulent blood flow
A component of circulatory stasis in Virchow's triad, which can be caused by atrial fibrillation,
venous obstruction, and ventricular dysfunction.
Kidney stones
A condition that may present with hypercalcemia and mental confusion.
Cushing Syndrome
A condition that may be evaluated in patients with kidney stones, hypercalcemia, and mental
confusion.
Pathologic fracture
A fracture that occurs due to weakened bone structure, commonly associated with osteoporosis.
Fat embolism
A condition that is not common in osteoporosis, resulting from fat obstruction due to injury or
trauma.
Bone pain
A potential symptom of osteoporosis, but not the most common clinical manifestation.
Sympathetic tone
Not part of Virchow's triad and does not affect blood clotting.
Vascular wall injury
The second aspect of Virchow's triad, which promotes blood clotting.
Circulatory stasis
The third component of Virchow's triad, which can lead to thrombosis.
Mental confusion
,Barkley 3P Exam Questions and Answers 2025
Update
A symptom that may accompany hypercalcemia in patients with kidney stones.
Hypercalcemia
An elevated level of calcium in the blood, often associated with kidney stones.
Conn's Syndrome
A condition characterized by excessive production of aldosterone, leading to hypertension and
electrolyte imbalances.
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone, resulting in
elevated calcium levels in the blood.
Addison's disease
A disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones.
Oral contraceptives
Medications taken by mouth to prevent pregnancy, which may have various side effects and
risks.
Pregnancy category X drugs
Drugs that are contraindicated in pregnancy due to evidence of fetal harm.
Angiotensin
A peptide hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict, leading to an increase in blood
pressure.
Aldosterone
A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates sodium and potassium levels, affecting
blood pressure.
Hyperresonance
An abnormal increase in resonance during percussion of the chest, often indicating the presence
of air, such as in pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax
A condition where air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall, causing lung
collapse.
Ortolani maneuver
, Barkley 3P Exam Questions and Answers 2025
Update
A clinical test used to detect hip dislocation in infants by flexing and abducting the legs.
Coronary heart disease
A disease characterized by the narrowing of coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to
the heart.
Cholesterol
A type of fat found in the blood that is necessary for building cells, but high levels can increase
the risk of heart disease.
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)
Often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol, high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries.
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)
Known as 'good' cholesterol, it helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream.
Triglycerides
A type of fat found in the blood, high levels can increase the risk of heart disease.
Tinzaparin
A low-molecular-weight heparin used in combination with warfarin for the treatment of deep
vein thrombosis.
Warfarin
An anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots.
Etonogestrel (Nexplanon)
A hormonal contraceptive implant that releases etonogestrel to prevent pregnancy.
Irregular bleeding
A common reason for discontinuing hormonal contraceptive methods due to unpredictable
menstrual cycles.
Nadroparin
A low-molecular-weight heparin used independently for anticoagulation.
Dalteparin
A low-molecular-weight heparin used independently for anticoagulation.
Fondaparinux
Update
Aortic regurgitation
A soft, high pitched, blowing diastolic decrescendo murmur best heard at the 3rd left interspace
at base, initiated with S2 and heard when the patient sits up and leans forward.
Mitral stenosis
A low pitched diastolic rumble that does not radiate, best heard at the apex when in the left
lateral position.
Aortic stenosis
A loud, harsh murmur occurring midsystole, radiating down the side of the neck and down to
the apex.
Mitral regurgitation
A loud blowing murmur heard at the apex that is pansystolic.
Osteoporosis
The most common metabolic bone disease characterized by chronic, progressive, systemic low
bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased skeletal fragility and deformity.
Bone deformity
The most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
A class of medications used to treat erectile dysfunction.
Tadalafil (Cialis)
May be used at a dose of 2.5 mg daily if sexual activity will take place two or more times per
week.
Vardenafil (Levitra)
5 mg may be taken with a high-fat meal four hours before sexual activity.
Sildenafil (Viagra)
50 mg may be taken one hour before sexual activity as long as the patient has a resting blood
pressure below 170/110 mm Hg.
Avanafil (Stendra)
Recommended at 50 mg for all patients, and may be taken 30 minutes before sexual activity.
Virchow's Triad
,Barkley 3P Exam Questions and Answers 2025
Update
A method of describing the three main factors that lead to thrombosis: hypercoagulability,
damage to endothelial cells, and turbulent blood flow.
Hypercoagulability
A condition that leads to clotting, including malignancy, trauma, sepsis, and thrombophilia.
Endothelial cell damage
Part of Virchow's triad that causes blood to clot by promoting platelet adherence to the wall of
the vessels.
Turbulent blood flow
A component of circulatory stasis in Virchow's triad, which can be caused by atrial fibrillation,
venous obstruction, and ventricular dysfunction.
Kidney stones
A condition that may present with hypercalcemia and mental confusion.
Cushing Syndrome
A condition that may be evaluated in patients with kidney stones, hypercalcemia, and mental
confusion.
Pathologic fracture
A fracture that occurs due to weakened bone structure, commonly associated with osteoporosis.
Fat embolism
A condition that is not common in osteoporosis, resulting from fat obstruction due to injury or
trauma.
Bone pain
A potential symptom of osteoporosis, but not the most common clinical manifestation.
Sympathetic tone
Not part of Virchow's triad and does not affect blood clotting.
Vascular wall injury
The second aspect of Virchow's triad, which promotes blood clotting.
Circulatory stasis
The third component of Virchow's triad, which can lead to thrombosis.
Mental confusion
,Barkley 3P Exam Questions and Answers 2025
Update
A symptom that may accompany hypercalcemia in patients with kidney stones.
Hypercalcemia
An elevated level of calcium in the blood, often associated with kidney stones.
Conn's Syndrome
A condition characterized by excessive production of aldosterone, leading to hypertension and
electrolyte imbalances.
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone, resulting in
elevated calcium levels in the blood.
Addison's disease
A disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones.
Oral contraceptives
Medications taken by mouth to prevent pregnancy, which may have various side effects and
risks.
Pregnancy category X drugs
Drugs that are contraindicated in pregnancy due to evidence of fetal harm.
Angiotensin
A peptide hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict, leading to an increase in blood
pressure.
Aldosterone
A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates sodium and potassium levels, affecting
blood pressure.
Hyperresonance
An abnormal increase in resonance during percussion of the chest, often indicating the presence
of air, such as in pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax
A condition where air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall, causing lung
collapse.
Ortolani maneuver
, Barkley 3P Exam Questions and Answers 2025
Update
A clinical test used to detect hip dislocation in infants by flexing and abducting the legs.
Coronary heart disease
A disease characterized by the narrowing of coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to
the heart.
Cholesterol
A type of fat found in the blood that is necessary for building cells, but high levels can increase
the risk of heart disease.
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)
Often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol, high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries.
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)
Known as 'good' cholesterol, it helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream.
Triglycerides
A type of fat found in the blood, high levels can increase the risk of heart disease.
Tinzaparin
A low-molecular-weight heparin used in combination with warfarin for the treatment of deep
vein thrombosis.
Warfarin
An anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots.
Etonogestrel (Nexplanon)
A hormonal contraceptive implant that releases etonogestrel to prevent pregnancy.
Irregular bleeding
A common reason for discontinuing hormonal contraceptive methods due to unpredictable
menstrual cycles.
Nadroparin
A low-molecular-weight heparin used independently for anticoagulation.
Dalteparin
A low-molecular-weight heparin used independently for anticoagulation.
Fondaparinux
