NURS 5338 MOD 2 PRETEST – UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ARLINGTON | QUESTIONS, REVISED ANSWERS & RATIONALES 2026 | 100% PASS GUARANTEE

NURS 5338 MOD 2 PRETEST – UNIVERSITY OF
TEXAS ARLINGTON | QUESTIONS, REVISED
ANSWERS & RATIONALES 2026 | 100% PASS
GUARANTEE

NURS 5338 MOD 2 PRETEST – UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ARLINGTON

QUESTIONS, REVISED ANSWERS & RATIONALE 2026 | 100% PASS
GUARANTEE



QUESTION 1 A nurse is assessing a patient with chronic kidney disease. Which
laboratory finding is most consistent with this condition?

A. Decreased serum creatinine

B. Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

C. Elevated serum creatinine

D. Elevated serum albumin

E. Decreased serum potassium

CORRECT ANSWER: C. Elevated serum creatinine RATIONALE: In chronic
kidney disease, the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products, leading to
accumulation of creatinine in the blood. Elevated serum creatinine is a hallmark finding
of impaired renal function.



QUESTION 2 Which of the following best describes the primary function of the loop of
Henle?

A. Filtration of blood plasma

B. Reabsorption of glucose

C. Concentration of urine through countercurrent multiplication

D. Secretion of hydrogen ions

E. Regulation of blood pressure via renin secretion

CORRECT ANSWER: C. Concentration of urine through countercurrent
multiplication RATIONALE: The loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient in the

,renal medulla through countercurrent multiplication, which is essential for producing
concentrated urine and conserving water.



QUESTION 3 A patient presents with oliguria, peripheral edema, and hypertension.
Which condition is most likely?

A. Diabetes insipidus

B. Nephrotic syndrome

C. Acute glomerulonephritis

D. Renal tubular acidosis
E. Polycystic kidney disease

CORRECT ANSWER: C. Acute glomerulonephritis RATIONALE: Acute
glomerulonephritis classically presents with oliguria, edema, hypertension, and
hematuria due to inflammation of the glomeruli, reducing filtration and causing fluid
retention.



QUESTION 4 Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with chronic
kidney disease?

A. Hyponatremia

B. Hypocalcemia only

C. Hyperkalemia

D. Hypomagnesemia

E. Hypernatremia

CORRECT ANSWER: C. Hyperkalemia RATIONALE: The kidneys regulate
potassium excretion. In CKD, reduced GFR leads to decreased potassium excretion,
resulting in hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.



QUESTION 5 A patient on hemodialysis reports muscle cramps and dizziness during
treatment. What is the most likely cause?
A. Hypervolemia

,B. Hypernatremia

C. Rapid fluid removal causing hypovolemia

D. Elevated BUN
E. Metabolic alkalosis

CORRECT ANSWER: C. Rapid fluid removal causing hypovolemia
RATIONALE: During hemodialysis, rapid ultrafiltration can reduce intravascular
volume faster than the body can compensate, causing hypotension, dizziness, and
muscle cramps.



QUESTION 6 Which of the following is the earliest indicator of acute kidney injury
(AKI)?

A. Elevated serum creatinine

B. Decreased urine specific gravity

C. Rise in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours

D. Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/day

E. Decreased BUN-to-creatinine ratio

CORRECT ANSWER: C. Rise in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours
RATIONALE: According to KDIGO criteria, AKI is defined as an increase in serum
creatinine by ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or ≥1.5 times baseline within 7 days, making
this the earliest clinical marker.


QUESTION 7 A patient with nephrotic syndrome has a serum albumin of 1.8 g/dL.
Which complication should the nurse anticipate?

A. Hypertension

B. Hematuria

C. Thromboembolism

D. Hyperkalemia

E. Metabolic acidosis

, CORRECT ANSWER: C. Thromboembolism RATIONALE: In nephrotic syndrome,
loss of antithrombin III and other anticoagulant proteins in the urine, combined with low
oncotic pressure and increased clotting factors, creates a hypercoagulable state that
predisposes to thromboembolism.


QUESTION 8 Which diuretic works by inhibiting sodium-potassium-chloride
cotransporters in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Spironolactone

C. Furosemide

D. Acetazolamide

E. Amiloride

CORRECT ANSWER: C. Furosemide RATIONALE: Furosemide (a loop diuretic)
inhibits the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle,
preventing reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride, producing potent diuresis.



QUESTION 9 A patient's urinalysis shows red blood cell casts. Which condition does
this most strongly indicate?

A. Urinary tract infection

B. Nephrotic syndrome

C. Glomerulonephritis

D. Acute tubular necrosis
E. Renal calculi

CORRECT ANSWER: C. Glomerulonephritis RATIONALE: RBC casts form when
red blood cells leak through inflamed glomeruli and become trapped in Tamm-Horsfall
protein within the tubules. Their presence is pathognomonic of glomerular inflammation.


QUESTION 10 Which finding best differentiates prerenal AKI from intrinsic renal AKI?
A. Elevated BUN