Test Bank for Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 13th Edition by Tortora

Question type: Multiple Choice 1) What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body? a) nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, sodium b) hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, calcium c) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen d) oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium e) potassium, phosphorus, sodium, hydrogen Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 2.1 Understand how the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals and compounds are related to the main chemical elements of the human body. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.1.1 Identify the main chemical elements of the human body. Section Reference 1: 2.1 How Matter is Organized 2) The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are a) neutrons, quarks, and muons. b) protons, neutrons, and electrons. c) muons, positons, and neutrons. d) electrons, quarks, and protons. e) positons, protons, and neutrons. Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 2.1 Understand how the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals and compounds are related to the main chemical elements of the human body. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and compounds. Section Reference 1: 2.1 How Matter is Organized 3) Which of the following subatomic particles has a neutral charge? a) neutron b) electron c) proton d) Both neutron and electron. e) All of these choices. Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 2.1 Understand how the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals and compounds are related to the main chemical elements of the human body. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and compounds. Section Reference 1: 2.1 How Matter is Organized 4) What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons? a) cloud b) nucleus c) element d) ring e) shell Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 2.1 Understand how the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals and compounds are related to the main chemical elements of the human body. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and compounds. Section Reference 1: 2.1 How Matter is Organized 5) The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element’s a) mass number. b) atomic number. c) atomic mass. d) valence number. e) None of these choices. Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 2.1 Understand how the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals and compounds are related to the main chemical elements of the human body. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and compounds. Section Reference 1: 2.1 How Matter is Organized 6) The nucleus of unstable of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation. a) compounds b) cations c) anions d) isotopes e) molecules Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 2.1 Understand how the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals and compounds are related to the main chemical elements of the human body. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and compounds. Section Reference 1: 2.1 How Matter is Organized 7) This refers to a weighted average of the atomic weights of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element. a) mass number b) atomic number c) atomic mass d) ionic mass e) covalent mass Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 2.1 Understand how the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals and compounds are related to the main chemical elements of the human body. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and compounds. Section Reference 1: 2.1 How Matter is Organized Question type: Essay 8) Describe a beneficial use of radiation. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 2.1 Understand how the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals and compounds are related to the main chemical elements of the human body. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and compounds. Section Reference 1: 2.1 How Matter is Organized Solution: Radiation can be used for medical imaging, as tracers to follow chemicals in the body, and as treatments for certain types of cancers. 9) Briefly describe the octet rule. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 2.2 Apply an understanding of chemical reactions and the various forms of energy to exergonic and endergonic reactions and the role of activation energy and catalysts in these reactions. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds. Learning Objective 3: LO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. Section Reference 1: 2.2 Chemical Bonds Solution: One atom is more likely to interact with another atom if doing so will leave both atoms with eight electrons in their valence shells. Question type: Multiple Choice 10) Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds? 1. neutron 2. electron 3. proton a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 2 & 3 only e) 1, 2 & 3 Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 2.2 Apply an understanding of chemical reactions and the various forms of energy to exergonic and endergonic reactions and the role of activation energy and catalysts in these reactions. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds. Learning Objective 3: LO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. Section Reference 1: 2.2 Chemical Bonds 11) This is the name given to a negatively charged atom. a) superoxide b) isotope c) catalyst d) anion e) cation Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 2.1 Understand how the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals and compounds are related to the main chemical elements of the human body. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and compounds. Section Reference 1: 2.1 How Matter is Organized 12) A chemical that can conduct electrical current when dissolved in water is called a(n) a) isotope. b) isomer. c) compound. d) electrolyte e) valence molecule. Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 2.1 Understand how the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals and compounds are related to the main chemical elements of the human body. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and compounds. Section Reference 1: 2.1 How Matter is Organized 13) This type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms. a) covalent b) ionic c) hydrogen d) atomic e) electronic Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 2.2 Apply an understanding of chemical reactions and the various forms of energy to exergonic and endergonic reactions and the role of activation energy and catalysts in these reactions. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds. Learning Objective 3: LO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. Section Reference 1: 2.2 Chemical Bonds 14) The chemical bonds formed between the atoms in a water molecule are called a) nonpolar covalent bonds. b) polar covalent bonds. c) hydrogen bonds. d) ionic bonds. e) atomic bonds. Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 2.2 Apply an understanding of chemical reactions and the various forms of energy to exergonic and endergonic reactions and the role of activation energy and catalysts in these reactions. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds. Learning Objective 3: LO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. Section Reference 1: 2.2 Chemical Bonds Question type: Essay 15) Describe a hydrogen bond. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 2.2 Apply an understanding of chemical reactions and the various forms of energy to exergonic and endergonic reactions and the role of activation energy and catalysts in these reactions. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds. Learning Objective 3: LO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. Section Reference 1: 2.2 Chemical Bonds Solution: Hydrogen bonds form between a hydrogen atom that has partial positive charge and another atom, like oxygen or nitrogen, carrying partial negative charge. Question type: Multiple Choice 16) This relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA? a) nonpolar covalent b) polar covalent c) hydrogen d) ionic e) atomic Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: LO 2.2 Apply an understanding of chemical reactions and the various forms of energy to exergonic and endergonic reactions and the role of activation energy and catalysts in these reactions. Learning Objective 2: LO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds. Learning Objective 3: LO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. Section Reference 1: 2.2 Chemical Bonds 17) A chemical reaction involves interactions between the of two different atoms. a) neutrons b) protons c) isotopes d) valence electrons e) ions Answer: d