NU 310 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest With Complete Questions And Correct Detailed
Answers| Brand New Version!
Diabetes risk factors - (ANSWER)- Family history of diabetes
- Obesity(i.e., ≥20% over desired body weight)
- Race/ethnicity
- Age
- Previously identified impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance
- Hypertension(HTN)(≥140/90mmHg)
- HDL level ≤35mg/dL (0.90mmol/L) and/or triglyceride level ≥250 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L)
- History of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby over 9lb
Diabetes Diagnosis: Four criteria - (ANSWER)1.) HbA1C ≥6.5%
OR
2.) Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) (fasting for 8hr)
OR
3.) 2-hour plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during an OGTT (using a glucose load containing
the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water and blood levels are tested 2hrs later)
OR
4.) A random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L), in patients with classic symptoms of
hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis
What is Glucose? - (ANSWER)- Glucose - The sugar needed to fuel the cells in your body.
- CANNOT enter the cell to fuel without the help of insulin...leading to hyperglycemia in the blood
stream
- "Piggy backs" on to insulin to get into the cells
- Stored in the liver in the form of glycogen
What is Insulin? - (ANSWER)- A hormone that helps regulate amount of glucose in the body and released
by the pancreas
,NU 310 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest With Complete Questions And Correct Detailed
Answers| Brand New Version!
- Carries glucose into the cell
- Secreted by the BETA cells in your pancreas - Islets of Langerhans - this area is damaged = insulin
production is damaged
What is Glucagon? - (ANSWER)- A hormone that works in the opposite way of insulin, helps to raise
blood sugars
- Released by the pancreas
- Prompts the liver to take the stored glycogen (glucose) to release when blood sugars are low
How is the Liver related to diabetes? - (ANSWER)- Vital organ in regulating blood sugars
- Will absorb the extra glucose in the blood when levels are too high, and store it as glycogen for later
use
- Will release glycogen that turns in to glucose when blood sugars are too low
What happens with diabetes? - (ANSWER)- No insulin is being released (Type 1), or the body becomes
resistant (Type 2) ---> Hyperglycemic
- Type 1 (5-10%), Type 2 (90-95%)
- Too much sugar in the blood can affect major organs
- Body starts to crave energy, needs to "fuel to the cells"
- Starts to burn fats = ketones (a type of acid) = bloodstream (Type 1 diabetics)
- In Type 2 there is enough insulin, but the body isn't receptive to it, therefore doesn't burn the fats but
also doesn't use the carbs for energy either
- These patients have a hard time with carbohydrate metabolism
Type 1 Diabetes - (ANSWER)- Beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans are destroyed, not working
- There is NO insulin made = MUST use insulin to treat
- Not related to lifestyle = genetic, autoimmune
,NU 310 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest With Complete Questions And Correct Detailed
Answers| Brand New Version!
- These patients will have fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia
What do Type 1 diabetic patients look like? - (ANSWER)- These patients will be thin, why?
- Normally happens in childhood
- Happens all of a sudden
- Ketones present in urine, why?
Type 2 Diabetes - (ANSWER)- Cells give up on insulin = insulin resistant
- Glucose just hangs out in the bloodstream
- Pancreas is smart, knows the blood glucose is high and releases more insulin in this setting leads to
hyperinsulinemia = metabolic syndrome
- Related to lifestyle - obesity, sedentary, poor diet, genetic
- Treatment for these patients are diet and exercise modifications, then oral medications if indicated
What do Type 2 diabetic patients look like? - (ANSWER)- Overweight
- Generally adults (>30 years)
- Unusual to have ketones in the urine, why?
Hypoglycemia - (ANSWER)- Blood sugar < 60mg/dl
- anxiety, sweating, clammy, dizzy, confused, slurred speech
- "I'm sweaty, cold and clammy...I need candy"
- Give sugar back! Hard candies, juice, simple carbs
- What if your patient is unconscious and can't take anything by mouth? = injection of glucagon or
intravenous glucose
Causes of Hypoglycemia - (ANSWER)- Too much insulin or combination of oral hyperglycemic meds
, NU 310 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest With Complete Questions And Correct Detailed
Answers| Brand New Version!
- Not enough food intake
- Excessive physical activity*
Hyperglycemia - (ANSWER)- Blood glucose > 140 mg/dL
- glucose in urine, frequent urination, increased thirst
- "I'm hot and dry, I must be on a sugar high"
- If left untreated, can lead to DKA and/or diabetic coma - LIFE THREATENING!
Causes of Hyperglycemia - (ANSWER)During hospitalization, hyperglycemia is caused by:
- Physiologic stress such as illness, surgery
- Changes in the usual treatment regimen (e.g., increased food, decreased insulin, decreased activity)
- Medications (e.g., corticosteroids such as prednisone)
- IV dextrose
- Inappropriate withholding of insulin or inappropriate use of "sliding scales"
- Mismatched timing of meals and insulin
- Lack of change of insulin dosage when dietary intake is changed
Nursing Assessment for hyperglycemia - (ANSWER)3 Ps!
- Polyuria - frequent urination, why?
- Polydipsia - very thirsty, why?
- Polyphagia - very hungry, why?
Organ Problems with Hyperglycemia - (ANSWER)- Sugar is sticky!
- Sugars STICK to the walls of the vessels, causing hardening which can cause plaques
- Heart disease, strokes, hypertension, neuropathy, decreased wound healing, eye trouble, infection
Answers| Brand New Version!
Diabetes risk factors - (ANSWER)- Family history of diabetes
- Obesity(i.e., ≥20% over desired body weight)
- Race/ethnicity
- Age
- Previously identified impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance
- Hypertension(HTN)(≥140/90mmHg)
- HDL level ≤35mg/dL (0.90mmol/L) and/or triglyceride level ≥250 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L)
- History of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby over 9lb
Diabetes Diagnosis: Four criteria - (ANSWER)1.) HbA1C ≥6.5%
OR
2.) Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) (fasting for 8hr)
OR
3.) 2-hour plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during an OGTT (using a glucose load containing
the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water and blood levels are tested 2hrs later)
OR
4.) A random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L), in patients with classic symptoms of
hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis
What is Glucose? - (ANSWER)- Glucose - The sugar needed to fuel the cells in your body.
- CANNOT enter the cell to fuel without the help of insulin...leading to hyperglycemia in the blood
stream
- "Piggy backs" on to insulin to get into the cells
- Stored in the liver in the form of glycogen
What is Insulin? - (ANSWER)- A hormone that helps regulate amount of glucose in the body and released
by the pancreas
,NU 310 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest With Complete Questions And Correct Detailed
Answers| Brand New Version!
- Carries glucose into the cell
- Secreted by the BETA cells in your pancreas - Islets of Langerhans - this area is damaged = insulin
production is damaged
What is Glucagon? - (ANSWER)- A hormone that works in the opposite way of insulin, helps to raise
blood sugars
- Released by the pancreas
- Prompts the liver to take the stored glycogen (glucose) to release when blood sugars are low
How is the Liver related to diabetes? - (ANSWER)- Vital organ in regulating blood sugars
- Will absorb the extra glucose in the blood when levels are too high, and store it as glycogen for later
use
- Will release glycogen that turns in to glucose when blood sugars are too low
What happens with diabetes? - (ANSWER)- No insulin is being released (Type 1), or the body becomes
resistant (Type 2) ---> Hyperglycemic
- Type 1 (5-10%), Type 2 (90-95%)
- Too much sugar in the blood can affect major organs
- Body starts to crave energy, needs to "fuel to the cells"
- Starts to burn fats = ketones (a type of acid) = bloodstream (Type 1 diabetics)
- In Type 2 there is enough insulin, but the body isn't receptive to it, therefore doesn't burn the fats but
also doesn't use the carbs for energy either
- These patients have a hard time with carbohydrate metabolism
Type 1 Diabetes - (ANSWER)- Beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans are destroyed, not working
- There is NO insulin made = MUST use insulin to treat
- Not related to lifestyle = genetic, autoimmune
,NU 310 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest With Complete Questions And Correct Detailed
Answers| Brand New Version!
- These patients will have fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia
What do Type 1 diabetic patients look like? - (ANSWER)- These patients will be thin, why?
- Normally happens in childhood
- Happens all of a sudden
- Ketones present in urine, why?
Type 2 Diabetes - (ANSWER)- Cells give up on insulin = insulin resistant
- Glucose just hangs out in the bloodstream
- Pancreas is smart, knows the blood glucose is high and releases more insulin in this setting leads to
hyperinsulinemia = metabolic syndrome
- Related to lifestyle - obesity, sedentary, poor diet, genetic
- Treatment for these patients are diet and exercise modifications, then oral medications if indicated
What do Type 2 diabetic patients look like? - (ANSWER)- Overweight
- Generally adults (>30 years)
- Unusual to have ketones in the urine, why?
Hypoglycemia - (ANSWER)- Blood sugar < 60mg/dl
- anxiety, sweating, clammy, dizzy, confused, slurred speech
- "I'm sweaty, cold and clammy...I need candy"
- Give sugar back! Hard candies, juice, simple carbs
- What if your patient is unconscious and can't take anything by mouth? = injection of glucagon or
intravenous glucose
Causes of Hypoglycemia - (ANSWER)- Too much insulin or combination of oral hyperglycemic meds
, NU 310 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest With Complete Questions And Correct Detailed
Answers| Brand New Version!
- Not enough food intake
- Excessive physical activity*
Hyperglycemia - (ANSWER)- Blood glucose > 140 mg/dL
- glucose in urine, frequent urination, increased thirst
- "I'm hot and dry, I must be on a sugar high"
- If left untreated, can lead to DKA and/or diabetic coma - LIFE THREATENING!
Causes of Hyperglycemia - (ANSWER)During hospitalization, hyperglycemia is caused by:
- Physiologic stress such as illness, surgery
- Changes in the usual treatment regimen (e.g., increased food, decreased insulin, decreased activity)
- Medications (e.g., corticosteroids such as prednisone)
- IV dextrose
- Inappropriate withholding of insulin or inappropriate use of "sliding scales"
- Mismatched timing of meals and insulin
- Lack of change of insulin dosage when dietary intake is changed
Nursing Assessment for hyperglycemia - (ANSWER)3 Ps!
- Polyuria - frequent urination, why?
- Polydipsia - very thirsty, why?
- Polyphagia - very hungry, why?
Organ Problems with Hyperglycemia - (ANSWER)- Sugar is sticky!
- Sugars STICK to the walls of the vessels, causing hardening which can cause plaques
- Heart disease, strokes, hypertension, neuropathy, decreased wound healing, eye trouble, infection
