RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Cause of GFR.
Answer: Increased hydrostatic pressure in glom capillars
◍ Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water
contamination, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune conditions, and other
chronic disease.
Answer: Gastritis
◍ Kidney function is barely present with GFR dropping between 15 and 29.
Answer: Stage IV CKD
◍ Bowel obstructions mechanical.
Answer: Partial or complete blockage in the intestines
◍ Gestational Diabetes.
Answer: A form of glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy,
lifestyle changes and insulin = treatment
◍ primary hypothyroidism.
Answer: Hashimoto's disease (causes your immune system to mistakenly
attack your thyroid) fatigue, lethargy, sensitivity to cold, depression, muscle
weakness.
◍ epididymitis.
Answer: inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the
spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder
◍ Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and
, vomiting.
Answer: Gastroenteritis
◍ Manifestations?: abdominal cramping followed by passing a large quantity
of frank blood, low-grade fever, abdominal tenderness (usually left lower
quadrant), abdominal distension, constipation, obstipation, nausea,
vomiting, palpable abdominal mass, and leukocytosis.
Answer: Diverticular Disease
◍ Hydronephrosis.
Answer: Enlarged kidneys/can't drain
◍ Appendicitis.
Answer: inflammation of the appendix/ Pain in abdomen
◍ Increased renal water retention caused by excessive antidiuretic hormone.
Answer: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
◍ Bowel obstructions nonmechanical.
Answer: Delays due to muscle or nerves function poorly
◍ Mechanisms control hormone release & regulation.
Answer: Negative feedback & blood sugar
◍ stage three of syphilis.
Answer: latent/tertiary; 1-4 yrs, test positive, spreads to brain, nervous
system etc.
◍ Cystitis.
Answer: Inflammation of the bladder/abnormal/UTI
◍ Type 2 characterized.
Answer: Perpheral tissue resistance/insulin resistant
◍ Cause of pseudomemranous colitis & nonphamacogic treatment.
Answer: Over exposure to antiobiotics-C. Dif
◍ Varies in severity depending on size. May obstruct bile flow and cause
gallbladder rupture, fistula formation, gangrene, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and
, carcinoma.
Answer: Cholecystitis
◍ How do kidneys tubule maintain a normal pH in response to fever and
respiratory infection?.
Answer: Secreate more acids & reabsorb bicarb ions
◍ acute pancreatitis manifestations.
Answer: - Upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back, worsens after
eating, and is somewhat relieved by leaning forward or pulling the knees
toward the chest-Nausea and vomiting-Mild jaundice-Low-grade
fever-Blood pressure and pulse changes
◍ _________ Gastritis develops gradually..
Answer: Chronic Gastritis
◍ polydipsia.
Answer: excessive thirst
◍ May be congenital or acquired. Thought to be caused by a low-fiber diet and
poor bowel habits that result in chronic constipation. The muscular wall can
become weakened from the prolonged effort of moving hard stools. More
common in developed countries where processed foods and low-fiber diets
are typical..
Answer: Diverticular Disease
◍ diverticular disease.
Answer: condition in which bulging pouches (diverticula) in the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract push the mucosal lining through the surrounding
muscle
◍ Complications of proferated gallbladder.
Answer: Infection/sepsis/cholecystitis
◍ How many stages are there of Genital Herpes?.
Answer: 4 Stages
◍ Cleft lip.
, Answer: Cleft lip results from failure of the maxillary processes and nasal
elevations or upper lip to fuse during development
◍ Bed-wetting.
Answer: Nocturnal Enuresis
◍ Serum screening for prostate cancer.
Answer: PSA-Prostate specific antigen
◍ Syphilis.
Answer: an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a
small bacterium called a spirochete
◍ Complication associated with gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD).
Answer: Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the
esophagus.Esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer, and
chronic pulmonary disease.
◍ Complications of removing too much fluid during dialysis & what to
monitor?.
Answer: Dehydration/pain/renal capsule &BP/body temp/fatigue/nausea
◍ secondary endocrine disorder.
Answer: disease is indicative of a problem with the pituitary gland
◍ Dyshagia.
Answer: Difficulty swallowing
◍ Inflammation or infection in the biliary system caused by calculi.
Answer: Cholecystitis
◍ Acute gastritis.
Answer: Pain/vomiting/anorexia/fullness
◍ Causes of?: infection and irritants.
Answer: Cystitis
◍ hyperperathyroidism.
Answer: Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which one or more of the
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Cause of GFR.
Answer: Increased hydrostatic pressure in glom capillars
◍ Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water
contamination, long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune conditions, and other
chronic disease.
Answer: Gastritis
◍ Kidney function is barely present with GFR dropping between 15 and 29.
Answer: Stage IV CKD
◍ Bowel obstructions mechanical.
Answer: Partial or complete blockage in the intestines
◍ Gestational Diabetes.
Answer: A form of glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy,
lifestyle changes and insulin = treatment
◍ primary hypothyroidism.
Answer: Hashimoto's disease (causes your immune system to mistakenly
attack your thyroid) fatigue, lethargy, sensitivity to cold, depression, muscle
weakness.
◍ epididymitis.
Answer: inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the
spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder
◍ Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and
, vomiting.
Answer: Gastroenteritis
◍ Manifestations?: abdominal cramping followed by passing a large quantity
of frank blood, low-grade fever, abdominal tenderness (usually left lower
quadrant), abdominal distension, constipation, obstipation, nausea,
vomiting, palpable abdominal mass, and leukocytosis.
Answer: Diverticular Disease
◍ Hydronephrosis.
Answer: Enlarged kidneys/can't drain
◍ Appendicitis.
Answer: inflammation of the appendix/ Pain in abdomen
◍ Increased renal water retention caused by excessive antidiuretic hormone.
Answer: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
◍ Bowel obstructions nonmechanical.
Answer: Delays due to muscle or nerves function poorly
◍ Mechanisms control hormone release & regulation.
Answer: Negative feedback & blood sugar
◍ stage three of syphilis.
Answer: latent/tertiary; 1-4 yrs, test positive, spreads to brain, nervous
system etc.
◍ Cystitis.
Answer: Inflammation of the bladder/abnormal/UTI
◍ Type 2 characterized.
Answer: Perpheral tissue resistance/insulin resistant
◍ Cause of pseudomemranous colitis & nonphamacogic treatment.
Answer: Over exposure to antiobiotics-C. Dif
◍ Varies in severity depending on size. May obstruct bile flow and cause
gallbladder rupture, fistula formation, gangrene, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and
, carcinoma.
Answer: Cholecystitis
◍ How do kidneys tubule maintain a normal pH in response to fever and
respiratory infection?.
Answer: Secreate more acids & reabsorb bicarb ions
◍ acute pancreatitis manifestations.
Answer: - Upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back, worsens after
eating, and is somewhat relieved by leaning forward or pulling the knees
toward the chest-Nausea and vomiting-Mild jaundice-Low-grade
fever-Blood pressure and pulse changes
◍ _________ Gastritis develops gradually..
Answer: Chronic Gastritis
◍ polydipsia.
Answer: excessive thirst
◍ May be congenital or acquired. Thought to be caused by a low-fiber diet and
poor bowel habits that result in chronic constipation. The muscular wall can
become weakened from the prolonged effort of moving hard stools. More
common in developed countries where processed foods and low-fiber diets
are typical..
Answer: Diverticular Disease
◍ diverticular disease.
Answer: condition in which bulging pouches (diverticula) in the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract push the mucosal lining through the surrounding
muscle
◍ Complications of proferated gallbladder.
Answer: Infection/sepsis/cholecystitis
◍ How many stages are there of Genital Herpes?.
Answer: 4 Stages
◍ Cleft lip.
, Answer: Cleft lip results from failure of the maxillary processes and nasal
elevations or upper lip to fuse during development
◍ Bed-wetting.
Answer: Nocturnal Enuresis
◍ Serum screening for prostate cancer.
Answer: PSA-Prostate specific antigen
◍ Syphilis.
Answer: an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a
small bacterium called a spirochete
◍ Complication associated with gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD).
Answer: Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the
esophagus.Esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer, and
chronic pulmonary disease.
◍ Complications of removing too much fluid during dialysis & what to
monitor?.
Answer: Dehydration/pain/renal capsule &BP/body temp/fatigue/nausea
◍ secondary endocrine disorder.
Answer: disease is indicative of a problem with the pituitary gland
◍ Dyshagia.
Answer: Difficulty swallowing
◍ Inflammation or infection in the biliary system caused by calculi.
Answer: Cholecystitis
◍ Acute gastritis.
Answer: Pain/vomiting/anorexia/fullness
◍ Causes of?: infection and irritants.
Answer: Cystitis
◍ hyperperathyroidism.
Answer: Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which one or more of the
