RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2 FINAL
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Causes of hyponatremia.
Answer: DiureticsExcessive water intakeHyperglycemiaRenal failureHeart
failure
◍ Phases of the inflammatory response and what happens during them.
Answer: 1. Acute phase: starts immediately and continues until threat is
eliminated (usually hours-days)2. Chronic phase: initiated only if acute
phase fails to resolve issue; lasts until healing and repair are complete
◍ Manifestations of cholelithiasis.
Answer: Abdominal distention, jaundice, clay-colored stool, hypotension,
tachycardia, fever
◍ 4 phases of Gout.
Answer: 1. Asymptomatic - uric acid crystals are being deposited in
tissues2. Acute inflammation due to tissue damage3. A flare up - pain,
redness, burning, swelling, and warmth of affected joint4. Intercritical
period - remains clinically inactive until next flare up
◍ Trichomoniasis.
Answer: Anaerobic parasite burrows under the mucosal lining.
asymptomatic in men. this organism cannot survive in the mouth
◍ Osteosarcoma.
Answer: Aggressive, malignant tumor in the bone - usually femur, tibia, or
fibula - most common in children and young adults. Paget disease increases
the risk of developing primary bone cancer
,◍ pH range.
Answer: 7.35-7.45
◍ Softening and weakening of bones in adults is called _________________
and is due to _____________________ and may lead to
__________________..
Answer: -Osteomalacia-Extreme and prolonged vitamin D, calcium, or
phosphate deficiency-Fractures, bone pain, and difficulty with ambulation
(independently walking)
◍ When is Duodenal ulcer pain relieved?.
Answer: With the presence of food
◍ Hepatitis.
Answer: inflammation of the liver
◍ Hypospadias.
Answer: Penis opening is ventral (Underside)
◍ Diabetes insipidus.
Answer: Refers to excessive fluid excretion in the kidneys caused by
deficient ADH levels
◍ Magnesium range and function.
Answer: 1.8-2.4 mEq/L Muscle and nerve function, cardiac rhythm, immune
system, bone strength, blood glucose levels
◍ Kyphosis.
Answer: Increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column
outward (hunchback) In adults, usually develops secondary to osteoporosis,
degenerative spine disease, or injury.
◍ A sprain is an injury to a _____________..
Answer: Ligament
◍ Fibromyalgia.
Answer: Widespread muscular pain, fatigue, and tender pointsNo specific
diagnostic labs, test, or procedures Common with past physical trauma (i.e.,
, car accident)
◍ Cell-mediated response immunity is mediated by _________ from the
_____________. This is the immune system's ___________________..
Answer: T cells, thymus Alarm System
◍ Causes of Hypoparathyroidism.
Answer: Deficient secretion is the accidental removal or damage to the
parathyriod glands, tumors, or congenital defects
◍ Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis.
Answer: Tremors/muscle crampsTingling
fingers/toesVomiting/nauseaRestlessness followed by lethargy
◍ Calcium range and function.
Answer: 8.6-10.2 mg/dLStrong bones and teethAids in blood clotting
◍ Manifestations of Colon cancer.
Answer: Melena, narrow stool
◍ Causes of Pancreatitis.
Answer: Cholelithiasis (Acute), alcohol abuse (Chronic)
◍ Oral cancer.
Answer: Tongue carcinoma. Tongue has white painless patches
◍ Dull epigastric pain, sensation of fullness after minimal food consumption.
Answer: Chronic gastritis
◍ Stage 4.
Answer: GFR 15-29
◍ Active immunity definition and its' types.
Answer: Immunity gained by actively engaging with the antigen 1. Invasion
(Natural Active): getting sick2. Vaccination (Artificial Active): receiving a
vaccine
◍ 1st degree burn.
Answer: Superficial - only affects epidermisCauses pain, erythema
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Causes of hyponatremia.
Answer: DiureticsExcessive water intakeHyperglycemiaRenal failureHeart
failure
◍ Phases of the inflammatory response and what happens during them.
Answer: 1. Acute phase: starts immediately and continues until threat is
eliminated (usually hours-days)2. Chronic phase: initiated only if acute
phase fails to resolve issue; lasts until healing and repair are complete
◍ Manifestations of cholelithiasis.
Answer: Abdominal distention, jaundice, clay-colored stool, hypotension,
tachycardia, fever
◍ 4 phases of Gout.
Answer: 1. Asymptomatic - uric acid crystals are being deposited in
tissues2. Acute inflammation due to tissue damage3. A flare up - pain,
redness, burning, swelling, and warmth of affected joint4. Intercritical
period - remains clinically inactive until next flare up
◍ Trichomoniasis.
Answer: Anaerobic parasite burrows under the mucosal lining.
asymptomatic in men. this organism cannot survive in the mouth
◍ Osteosarcoma.
Answer: Aggressive, malignant tumor in the bone - usually femur, tibia, or
fibula - most common in children and young adults. Paget disease increases
the risk of developing primary bone cancer
,◍ pH range.
Answer: 7.35-7.45
◍ Softening and weakening of bones in adults is called _________________
and is due to _____________________ and may lead to
__________________..
Answer: -Osteomalacia-Extreme and prolonged vitamin D, calcium, or
phosphate deficiency-Fractures, bone pain, and difficulty with ambulation
(independently walking)
◍ When is Duodenal ulcer pain relieved?.
Answer: With the presence of food
◍ Hepatitis.
Answer: inflammation of the liver
◍ Hypospadias.
Answer: Penis opening is ventral (Underside)
◍ Diabetes insipidus.
Answer: Refers to excessive fluid excretion in the kidneys caused by
deficient ADH levels
◍ Magnesium range and function.
Answer: 1.8-2.4 mEq/L Muscle and nerve function, cardiac rhythm, immune
system, bone strength, blood glucose levels
◍ Kyphosis.
Answer: Increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column
outward (hunchback) In adults, usually develops secondary to osteoporosis,
degenerative spine disease, or injury.
◍ A sprain is an injury to a _____________..
Answer: Ligament
◍ Fibromyalgia.
Answer: Widespread muscular pain, fatigue, and tender pointsNo specific
diagnostic labs, test, or procedures Common with past physical trauma (i.e.,
, car accident)
◍ Cell-mediated response immunity is mediated by _________ from the
_____________. This is the immune system's ___________________..
Answer: T cells, thymus Alarm System
◍ Causes of Hypoparathyroidism.
Answer: Deficient secretion is the accidental removal or damage to the
parathyriod glands, tumors, or congenital defects
◍ Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis.
Answer: Tremors/muscle crampsTingling
fingers/toesVomiting/nauseaRestlessness followed by lethargy
◍ Calcium range and function.
Answer: 8.6-10.2 mg/dLStrong bones and teethAids in blood clotting
◍ Manifestations of Colon cancer.
Answer: Melena, narrow stool
◍ Causes of Pancreatitis.
Answer: Cholelithiasis (Acute), alcohol abuse (Chronic)
◍ Oral cancer.
Answer: Tongue carcinoma. Tongue has white painless patches
◍ Dull epigastric pain, sensation of fullness after minimal food consumption.
Answer: Chronic gastritis
◍ Stage 4.
Answer: GFR 15-29
◍ Active immunity definition and its' types.
Answer: Immunity gained by actively engaging with the antigen 1. Invasion
(Natural Active): getting sick2. Vaccination (Artificial Active): receiving a
vaccine
◍ 1st degree burn.
Answer: Superficial - only affects epidermisCauses pain, erythema
