FNP Board review questions
1. A 24-year old, otherwise healthy college student presents with c/o cough x 6 weeks.
She has tried several OTC cough meds with no improvement. What is the most
important information to consider when building your differential diagnoses?
A) Her age
B) Family hx
C) Ineffectiveness of OTC cough medicines
D) Length of time she has been coughing: D) Length of time she has been coughing
Why? This information helps you build your ddx
Acute cough < 3 weeks: bronchitis, sinusitis, PND, exacerbation of COPD/asthma,
pneumonia, pulmonary embolism
Chronic cough (>8 weeks) GERD and Asthma are most common causes, also consider
infection (e.g. pertussis, atypical pneumonia), ACE inhibitors, chronic bronchitis,
bronchiectasis, lung ca)
2. According to the CDC, what drug class is considered first-line treatment for
pertussis?
A) Sulfonamide
B) Tetracycline
C) Macrolide
D) Beta-lactam: C) Macrolide antiobitic (e.g. Azithromycin, clarithromycin
Sulfonamides are second-line
3. Match the antibiotics with the correct drug class:
1. Sulfonamide
2. Tetracycline
3. Macrolide
,4. Beta-lactam
A. Doxycyline
B. Azithromycin
C. Penicillins
D.Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
E. Cephalosporin
F. Clarithromycin: 1. Sulfonamide - D.Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
2. Tetracycline - A. Doxycycline
3.Macrolide - B & F, Azithromycin and Clarithromycin
4.Beta-lactam - C & E, PCN and cephalosporins
4. What are the three most common bugs in community-acquired pneumonia?-
: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneuomiae (atypical pathogen)
Chlamydophila pneumoniae (atypical pathogen)
5. What is the treatment for CAP caused by Strep pneumo?: Respiratory quinolone
(e.g.
Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin) OR high-dose amoxicillin OR amoxicillin with
clavulanate
6. What antibiotics are avoided in CAP caused by Strep pneumo due to high rates of
resistance?: Macrolides
7. What is the treatment for CAP caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?: Macrolide
OR doxycycline
,FNP Board review questions
8. What antibiotics are avoided in CAP caused by atypical pathogens?: Beta-lactams
(ineffective)
9. A 38-year old mother of two teenagers recently recovered from Mycoplasma
pneumonia a couple of weeks ago. She asks if she should get the "pneumonia shot."
She takes levothyroxine 88 mcg daily for hypothyroidism, but is otherwise healthy.
How do you respond?
A) No, it's too soon after your infection
B) No, it's not indicated
C) Yes, you can get it in about a month
D) Yes you can get it today: B) No, it's not indicated
An otherwise healthy adult without immunocompromise or multiple comorbid conditions
is not a "vulnerable population"
The pneumonia vaccine does not prevent mycoplasma pneumonia
10. According to GOLD, what is required to establish the diagnosis of COPD?: -
Spirometry (FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%)
11. A 70-year old house painter reports a 4-week history of exertional dyspnea, chest
tightness, and cough for the past 3 months. He has never smoked. What diagnoses
are included in your differential? Select 4.
A) Asthma
B) Angina
C) COPD
D) GERD
E) Pneumonia
F) Tuberculosis
, G) Heart Failure: B) Angina
C) COPD
F) Tuberculosis
G) Heart failure
12. How do inhaled anticholinergics work to treat shortness of breath in COPD?
A) They cause bronchodilation in the lungs
B) They block the action of acetylcholine and prevent bronchoconstriction: B)
They block the action of acetylcholine and prevent bronchoconstriction
13. Name a short-acting inhaled anticholinergic:: Ipratropium (Atrovent)
14. Name a long-acting inhaled anticholinergic:: Tiotropium (Spiriva)
15. How do inhaled betá-agonists work to treat shortness of breath in COPD?
A) They cause bronchodilation in the lungs
B) They block the action of acetylcholine and prevent bronchoconstriction: A) They cause
bronchodilation in the lungs
16. What are the only 2 inhaled short-acting beta agonists (SABAs):: Albuterol and
levalbuterol
17. Name an inhaled long-acting beta agonists (LABAs):: Salmeterol (Serevent)
18. What are the side effects associated with anticholinergic medications?: Cognitive
impairment, confusion, hallucinations, dry mouth, blurry vision, urinary retention,
constipation, tachycardia, acute angle glaucoma
"Can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't shit."
1. A 24-year old, otherwise healthy college student presents with c/o cough x 6 weeks.
She has tried several OTC cough meds with no improvement. What is the most
important information to consider when building your differential diagnoses?
A) Her age
B) Family hx
C) Ineffectiveness of OTC cough medicines
D) Length of time she has been coughing: D) Length of time she has been coughing
Why? This information helps you build your ddx
Acute cough < 3 weeks: bronchitis, sinusitis, PND, exacerbation of COPD/asthma,
pneumonia, pulmonary embolism
Chronic cough (>8 weeks) GERD and Asthma are most common causes, also consider
infection (e.g. pertussis, atypical pneumonia), ACE inhibitors, chronic bronchitis,
bronchiectasis, lung ca)
2. According to the CDC, what drug class is considered first-line treatment for
pertussis?
A) Sulfonamide
B) Tetracycline
C) Macrolide
D) Beta-lactam: C) Macrolide antiobitic (e.g. Azithromycin, clarithromycin
Sulfonamides are second-line
3. Match the antibiotics with the correct drug class:
1. Sulfonamide
2. Tetracycline
3. Macrolide
,4. Beta-lactam
A. Doxycyline
B. Azithromycin
C. Penicillins
D.Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
E. Cephalosporin
F. Clarithromycin: 1. Sulfonamide - D.Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
2. Tetracycline - A. Doxycycline
3.Macrolide - B & F, Azithromycin and Clarithromycin
4.Beta-lactam - C & E, PCN and cephalosporins
4. What are the three most common bugs in community-acquired pneumonia?-
: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneuomiae (atypical pathogen)
Chlamydophila pneumoniae (atypical pathogen)
5. What is the treatment for CAP caused by Strep pneumo?: Respiratory quinolone
(e.g.
Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin) OR high-dose amoxicillin OR amoxicillin with
clavulanate
6. What antibiotics are avoided in CAP caused by Strep pneumo due to high rates of
resistance?: Macrolides
7. What is the treatment for CAP caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?: Macrolide
OR doxycycline
,FNP Board review questions
8. What antibiotics are avoided in CAP caused by atypical pathogens?: Beta-lactams
(ineffective)
9. A 38-year old mother of two teenagers recently recovered from Mycoplasma
pneumonia a couple of weeks ago. She asks if she should get the "pneumonia shot."
She takes levothyroxine 88 mcg daily for hypothyroidism, but is otherwise healthy.
How do you respond?
A) No, it's too soon after your infection
B) No, it's not indicated
C) Yes, you can get it in about a month
D) Yes you can get it today: B) No, it's not indicated
An otherwise healthy adult without immunocompromise or multiple comorbid conditions
is not a "vulnerable population"
The pneumonia vaccine does not prevent mycoplasma pneumonia
10. According to GOLD, what is required to establish the diagnosis of COPD?: -
Spirometry (FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%)
11. A 70-year old house painter reports a 4-week history of exertional dyspnea, chest
tightness, and cough for the past 3 months. He has never smoked. What diagnoses
are included in your differential? Select 4.
A) Asthma
B) Angina
C) COPD
D) GERD
E) Pneumonia
F) Tuberculosis
, G) Heart Failure: B) Angina
C) COPD
F) Tuberculosis
G) Heart failure
12. How do inhaled anticholinergics work to treat shortness of breath in COPD?
A) They cause bronchodilation in the lungs
B) They block the action of acetylcholine and prevent bronchoconstriction: B)
They block the action of acetylcholine and prevent bronchoconstriction
13. Name a short-acting inhaled anticholinergic:: Ipratropium (Atrovent)
14. Name a long-acting inhaled anticholinergic:: Tiotropium (Spiriva)
15. How do inhaled betá-agonists work to treat shortness of breath in COPD?
A) They cause bronchodilation in the lungs
B) They block the action of acetylcholine and prevent bronchoconstriction: A) They cause
bronchodilation in the lungs
16. What are the only 2 inhaled short-acting beta agonists (SABAs):: Albuterol and
levalbuterol
17. Name an inhaled long-acting beta agonists (LABAs):: Salmeterol (Serevent)
18. What are the side effects associated with anticholinergic medications?: Cognitive
impairment, confusion, hallucinations, dry mouth, blurry vision, urinary retention,
constipation, tachycardia, acute angle glaucoma
"Can't see, can't pee, can't spit, can't shit."
