RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2
PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ How do kidney tubules maintain a normal pH in response to fever and
respiratory infection?.
Answer: secrete acid and reabsorb bicards
◍ Treatment for herpes.
Answer: Acyclovir, sitz bath, dry heat
◍ What is cystitis?.
Answer: inflammation of the urinary bladder; UTI, painful burning, itching,
◍ What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease?.
Answer: Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat
intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
◍ Diabetes insipidus is caused from?.
Answer: too little ADH production
◍ Secondary level of prevention.
Answer: -conduction activities that help prevent a worsening health status
by detection or management of diseases
◍ What types of hepatitis increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?.
Answer: Hep B and C
◍ Primary level of prevention.
Answer: altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for susceptible persons
◍ What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?.
Answer: Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss,
muscle pain
,◍ passive transport.
Answer: requires no energy, along the gradient from high concentration to
low(ex: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
◍ define exotoxins.
Answer: those toxins which are secreted in the area surrounding a cell
◍ What are complications of syphilis?.
Answer: vascular problems, cardiovascular, aortic stenosis, inflamed aorta,
aorta necrosis, brain aneurysm, blindness, numbness, tingly, loopyness
◍ Difference between osmosis and diffusion.
Answer: osmosis is the diffusion of water and diffusion is the movement of
any type of molecule across the cell membrane from a high to low
concentration.
◍ 3 stages of adaptation (GAS).
Answer: alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion
◍ Hypophosphatemia causes and treatment.
Answer: Causes: decreased phosphate intake, shift from ECF to cells,
increased phosphate excretion. Treatment:
◍ What is the cause of Cushing syndrome?.
Answer: Excessive corticosteroids
◍ What is micturition?.
Answer: urination
◍ Metabolic acidosis develops with bilateral kidney disease for what reason?.
Answer: tubule exchanges are impaired
◍ Define Leukopenia.
Answer: decrease in WBC
◍ what is the electrolyte pool?.
Answer: bone marrow reservoir for calcium, magnesium and phosphate
◍ Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L.
, Answer: Hypermagesemia
◍ Identify antibody IgM.
Answer: first to be produced when exposed to antigen/immunizationconsists
of five antibody molecules joing together to form a pentamermajor antibody
found on B-cell surfaces. works best as active component
◍ What is SIADH?.
Answer: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; too much sodium
secretion
◍ The nurse is aware that cushings syndrome is caused by which of the
following?.
Answer: hypercortisolism
◍ Which hormones move electrolytes from the pool to the ECF?.
Answer: epinephrine
◍ What is renal colic?.
Answer: kidney stone related pain
◍ What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting
ducts?.
Answer: ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
◍ What is the bacteria associated with syphilis?.
Answer: anaerobic spirochetes
◍ Dehydration (etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment).
Answer: Causes: vomiting, diarrhea, removal of saline from the body causes
extracellular volume deficit and removal of extra water from the body
causes hypernatremia, the combination is dehydration. S/S: hard stools,
sudden weight loss, rapid pulse, oliguria, prolonged capillary refill time,
decreased skin turgor, dry mouth, absence of sweat and tears, confusion,
lethargy, thirstTreatment: replenish fluids PO or IV
◍ What is gigantism?.
Answer: hypersecretion of GH in children
PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ How do kidney tubules maintain a normal pH in response to fever and
respiratory infection?.
Answer: secrete acid and reabsorb bicards
◍ Treatment for herpes.
Answer: Acyclovir, sitz bath, dry heat
◍ What is cystitis?.
Answer: inflammation of the urinary bladder; UTI, painful burning, itching,
◍ What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease?.
Answer: Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat
intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
◍ Diabetes insipidus is caused from?.
Answer: too little ADH production
◍ Secondary level of prevention.
Answer: -conduction activities that help prevent a worsening health status
by detection or management of diseases
◍ What types of hepatitis increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?.
Answer: Hep B and C
◍ Primary level of prevention.
Answer: altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for susceptible persons
◍ What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?.
Answer: Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss,
muscle pain
,◍ passive transport.
Answer: requires no energy, along the gradient from high concentration to
low(ex: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
◍ define exotoxins.
Answer: those toxins which are secreted in the area surrounding a cell
◍ What are complications of syphilis?.
Answer: vascular problems, cardiovascular, aortic stenosis, inflamed aorta,
aorta necrosis, brain aneurysm, blindness, numbness, tingly, loopyness
◍ Difference between osmosis and diffusion.
Answer: osmosis is the diffusion of water and diffusion is the movement of
any type of molecule across the cell membrane from a high to low
concentration.
◍ 3 stages of adaptation (GAS).
Answer: alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion
◍ Hypophosphatemia causes and treatment.
Answer: Causes: decreased phosphate intake, shift from ECF to cells,
increased phosphate excretion. Treatment:
◍ What is the cause of Cushing syndrome?.
Answer: Excessive corticosteroids
◍ What is micturition?.
Answer: urination
◍ Metabolic acidosis develops with bilateral kidney disease for what reason?.
Answer: tubule exchanges are impaired
◍ Define Leukopenia.
Answer: decrease in WBC
◍ what is the electrolyte pool?.
Answer: bone marrow reservoir for calcium, magnesium and phosphate
◍ Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L.
, Answer: Hypermagesemia
◍ Identify antibody IgM.
Answer: first to be produced when exposed to antigen/immunizationconsists
of five antibody molecules joing together to form a pentamermajor antibody
found on B-cell surfaces. works best as active component
◍ What is SIADH?.
Answer: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; too much sodium
secretion
◍ The nurse is aware that cushings syndrome is caused by which of the
following?.
Answer: hypercortisolism
◍ Which hormones move electrolytes from the pool to the ECF?.
Answer: epinephrine
◍ What is renal colic?.
Answer: kidney stone related pain
◍ What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting
ducts?.
Answer: ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
◍ What is the bacteria associated with syphilis?.
Answer: anaerobic spirochetes
◍ Dehydration (etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment).
Answer: Causes: vomiting, diarrhea, removal of saline from the body causes
extracellular volume deficit and removal of extra water from the body
causes hypernatremia, the combination is dehydration. S/S: hard stools,
sudden weight loss, rapid pulse, oliguria, prolonged capillary refill time,
decreased skin turgor, dry mouth, absence of sweat and tears, confusion,
lethargy, thirstTreatment: replenish fluids PO or IV
◍ What is gigantism?.
Answer: hypersecretion of GH in children
