NR283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
PROFESSIONAL EXAMPREP 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FULL REVIEW
GRADED A+
◉ Pathogenesis. Answer: Story of how disease develops
◉ Atrophy. Answer: Decrease in the size of the cells, results in
reduced tissue mass
◉ Hypertrophy. Answer: Increase in cell size, results in enlarged
tissue mass
◉ Hyperplasia. Answer: Increased number of cells, results in
enlarged tissue mass
◉ Metaplasia. Answer: Mature cell type is replaced by a different
mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells lose cilia
◉ Dysplasia. Answer: Cells are different looking varying in size and
shape
, ◉ Neoplasia. Answer: New growth, commonly a tumor. May be
malignant or benign
◉ Apoptosis. Answer: Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in
the body
◉ Ischemia. Answer: Deficit of oxygen in the cells
◉ Hypoxia. Answer: Reduced oxygen in the tissues
◉ Iatrogenic. Answer: illness or disease process because a medical
process was done ex: CAUTI
◉ Autosomal Recessive Disorders. Answer: Has to have two
recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier
ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
◉ Cystic fibrosis. Answer: autosomal recessive disorder that causes
thick mucous secretions
◉ PKU (phenylketonuria). Answer: autosomal recessive disorder
that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can cause
mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
PROFESSIONAL EXAMPREP 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FULL REVIEW
GRADED A+
◉ Pathogenesis. Answer: Story of how disease develops
◉ Atrophy. Answer: Decrease in the size of the cells, results in
reduced tissue mass
◉ Hypertrophy. Answer: Increase in cell size, results in enlarged
tissue mass
◉ Hyperplasia. Answer: Increased number of cells, results in
enlarged tissue mass
◉ Metaplasia. Answer: Mature cell type is replaced by a different
mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells lose cilia
◉ Dysplasia. Answer: Cells are different looking varying in size and
shape
, ◉ Neoplasia. Answer: New growth, commonly a tumor. May be
malignant or benign
◉ Apoptosis. Answer: Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in
the body
◉ Ischemia. Answer: Deficit of oxygen in the cells
◉ Hypoxia. Answer: Reduced oxygen in the tissues
◉ Iatrogenic. Answer: illness or disease process because a medical
process was done ex: CAUTI
◉ Autosomal Recessive Disorders. Answer: Has to have two
recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier
ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
◉ Cystic fibrosis. Answer: autosomal recessive disorder that causes
thick mucous secretions
◉ PKU (phenylketonuria). Answer: autosomal recessive disorder
that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can cause
mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
