503 FINAL EXAM REVIEWED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED AND DETAILED 2026
True or False? Environmental and occupational health problems are a specialization of
epidemiology. - correct answers True
Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an
epidermiologic approach)? - correct answers Description of specific signs and symptoms in a
patient
True or False? The epidemiologic and clinical descriptions of a disease are different. - correct
answers True
True or False? One of William Farr's contributions to public health and epidemiology included
the development of a more sophisticated system for codifying medical conditions. - correct
answers True
True or False? John Snow is credited with developing the smallpox vaccination. - correct
answers False
Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic approach (as opposed to a
clinical approach)? - correct answers Description of a single individual's symptoms
True or False? Most of the time, epidemiologic researchers confront a problem that has a clear
etiologic basis. - correct answers False
,True or False? The Framingham Heart Study, begun in 1948, pioneered research into coronary
heart disease risk factors. - correct answers True
Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may reflect: - correct
answers seasonal variations in cases of influenza
True or False? In current thinking, the term epidemic is used only to describe outbreaks of
infectious disease. - correct answers False
True or False? Molecular epidemiology applies the techniques of molecular biology to
epidemiologic studies. - correct answers True
Which form of prevention takes place after the precursors of disease interact with the host? -
correct answers Tertiary and secondary
True or False? High firearm death rates and homicide rates are indicators of adverse conditions
within the community. - correct answers True
The uses of epidemiology include: - correct answers search for determinants (causes of disease)
estimation of individual risks and chances of contracting disease
evaluation of health services
Increases in lung cancer mortality, especially among women, illustrate which of the following
trends in disease occurrence? - correct answers A new epidemic disorder
There has been an increase in the number of epidemiologic studies reported in medical journals
because: - correct answers they interest the public and physicians concerned with preventive
medicine.
, True or False? An example of operations research is using epidemiology to plan the placement
of health services in a community. - correct answers True
What factors should be considered in measuring long-term changes in disease frequency over
time? - correct answers -changes in diagnostics criteria
- changes in the age distribution
-changes in fatal course of the condition
True or False? The existence of a dose-response relationship, that is, an increase in disease risk
with an increase in the amount of exposure, does not support the view that an association is a
causal one. - correct answers False
According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of disease and
the host interact is called the period of: - correct answers Prepathogenesis pg 98
True or False? John Cassel argued that the agent, host, and environment triad provided an
adequate explanation for chronic diseases of non-infectious origin. - correct answers False
Using epidemiology for operational research involves: - correct answers study of community
health services
True or False? The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey is a continuing probability survey
of physicians who practice in public settings such as V.A. centers. - correct answers False
Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a proportion)? -
correct answers Male births/Female births
VERIFIED AND DETAILED 2026
True or False? Environmental and occupational health problems are a specialization of
epidemiology. - correct answers True
Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an
epidermiologic approach)? - correct answers Description of specific signs and symptoms in a
patient
True or False? The epidemiologic and clinical descriptions of a disease are different. - correct
answers True
True or False? One of William Farr's contributions to public health and epidemiology included
the development of a more sophisticated system for codifying medical conditions. - correct
answers True
True or False? John Snow is credited with developing the smallpox vaccination. - correct
answers False
Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic approach (as opposed to a
clinical approach)? - correct answers Description of a single individual's symptoms
True or False? Most of the time, epidemiologic researchers confront a problem that has a clear
etiologic basis. - correct answers False
,True or False? The Framingham Heart Study, begun in 1948, pioneered research into coronary
heart disease risk factors. - correct answers True
Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may reflect: - correct
answers seasonal variations in cases of influenza
True or False? In current thinking, the term epidemic is used only to describe outbreaks of
infectious disease. - correct answers False
True or False? Molecular epidemiology applies the techniques of molecular biology to
epidemiologic studies. - correct answers True
Which form of prevention takes place after the precursors of disease interact with the host? -
correct answers Tertiary and secondary
True or False? High firearm death rates and homicide rates are indicators of adverse conditions
within the community. - correct answers True
The uses of epidemiology include: - correct answers search for determinants (causes of disease)
estimation of individual risks and chances of contracting disease
evaluation of health services
Increases in lung cancer mortality, especially among women, illustrate which of the following
trends in disease occurrence? - correct answers A new epidemic disorder
There has been an increase in the number of epidemiologic studies reported in medical journals
because: - correct answers they interest the public and physicians concerned with preventive
medicine.
, True or False? An example of operations research is using epidemiology to plan the placement
of health services in a community. - correct answers True
What factors should be considered in measuring long-term changes in disease frequency over
time? - correct answers -changes in diagnostics criteria
- changes in the age distribution
-changes in fatal course of the condition
True or False? The existence of a dose-response relationship, that is, an increase in disease risk
with an increase in the amount of exposure, does not support the view that an association is a
causal one. - correct answers False
According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of disease and
the host interact is called the period of: - correct answers Prepathogenesis pg 98
True or False? John Cassel argued that the agent, host, and environment triad provided an
adequate explanation for chronic diseases of non-infectious origin. - correct answers False
Using epidemiology for operational research involves: - correct answers study of community
health services
True or False? The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey is a continuing probability survey
of physicians who practice in public settings such as V.A. centers. - correct answers False
Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a proportion)? -
correct answers Male births/Female births
