NURS 1140 PHARMACOLOGY FINALS | Review
Questions and Answers | Rated 100% Correct |
Nursing Pharmacology | Pass Guaranteed - A+
Graded
## **[DOMAIN 1: PHARMACOKINETICS & PHARMACODYNAMICS - 40 Questions]**
* *1. Which term describes what the body does to a drug as it moves through absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion?**
A. Pharmacodynamics
B. Pharmacokinetics **[CORRECT]**
C. Therapeutics
D. Bioavailability
* *Rationale:** Pharmacokinetics refers to the body's actions on a drug—how it is absorbed,
distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the
body.
---
* *2. A drug that binds to a receptor and produces a response similar to an endogenous
chemical is called:**
A. Antagonist
B. Agonist **[CORRECT]**
C. Inverse agonist
D. Partial antagonist
* *Rationale:** An agonist binds to receptors and produces a response. An antagonist binds but
blocks the response.
---
* *3. The time required for 50% of a medication to be removed from the body is known as:**
A. Onset of action
B. Duration of action
C. Half-life (t½) **[CORRECT]**
D. Peak action
,* *Rationale:** Half-life (t½) is the time required for 50% elimination. It takes approximately 5
half-lives to remove 97% of a medication from the body.
---
* *4. Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism (biotransformation)?**
A. Kidneys
B. Liver **[CORRECT]**
C. Lungs
D. Intestines
* *Rationale:** The liver is the primary site of drug metabolism through the cytochrome P-450
enzyme system.
---
* *5. The primary route of drug excretion from the body is through the:**
A. Liver
B. Kidneys **[CORRECT]**
C. Skin
D. Lungs
* *Rationale:** The kidneys are the primary organs for drug excretion. This is why renal function
must be assessed before giving nephrotoxic drugs.
---
* *6. A drug that binds to a receptor and blocks the response is classified as:**
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist **[CORRECT]**
C. Synergist
D. Potentiator
* *Rationale:** An antagonist binds to receptors and blocks the response, preventing agonists
from producing their effect.
---
* *7. The fraction of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation and is available to
target tissue is called:**
A. Therapeutic index
B. Bioavailability **[CORRECT]**
C. Potency
D. Efficacy
,* *Rationale:** Bioavailability represents the proportion of drug that reaches systemic circulation.
It is affected by first-pass metabolism and absorption rate.
---
* *8. Which phenomenon reduces the bioavailability of orally administered drugs by metabolizing
them in the liver before they reach systemic circulation?**
A. Enterohepatic circulation
B. First-pass effect **[CORRECT]**
C. Protein binding
D. Active transport
* *Rationale:** The first-pass effect occurs when oral drugs absorbed from the GI tract are
transported via hepatic portal circulation to the liver, where significant metabolism occurs before
reaching systemic circulation.
---
* *9. A higher initial dose given to rapidly achieve therapeutic drug levels is called:**
A. Maintenance dose
B. Loading dose **[CORRECT]**
C. Titrate dose
D. Maximum dose
* *Rationale:** A loading dose is a higher initial dose that shortens the time required to achieve
the drug's therapeutic level.
---
* *10. The cytochrome P-450 system is primarily responsible for:**
A. Drug excretion
B. Drug metabolism **[CORRECT]**
C. Drug absorption
D. Drug distribution
* *Rationale:** The cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in the liver metabolizes many drugs and
is involved in drug-drug interactions through enzyme induction or inhibition.
---
* *11. When one drug increases the metabolism of both itself and other drugs, this is called:**
A. Enzyme inhibition
B. Enzyme induction **[CORRECT]**
, . Competitive antagonism
C
D. Synergism
* *Rationale:** Enzyme induction occurs when a drug increases metabolic enzyme production,
accelerating metabolism of itself and other drugs metabolized by the same pathway.
---
* *12. In first-order elimination kinetics:**
A. A constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time
B. A constant fraction of drug is eliminated per unit of time **[CORRECT]**
C. Elimination occurs only at therapeutic levels
D. Elimination rate increases with higher concentrations
* *Rationale:** First-order elimination means a constant percentage (fraction) of drug is
eliminated per unit time. This is the most common elimination pattern.
---
* *13. Where are drug receptors located?**
A. In the CNS fluid
B. On cell membranes **[CORRECT]**
C. In the bloodstream only
D. In the cytoplasm exclusively
* *Rationale:** Drug receptors are located on cell membranes, not in CNS fluid. This allows
drugs to bind and produce cellular responses.
---
* *14. The maximum therapeutic effect of a drug, when it works best, is called:**
A. Onset of action
B. Peak action **[CORRECT]**
C. Duration of action
D. Therapeutic effect
* *Rationale:** Peak action refers to the maximum therapeutic effect or when the drug
concentration produces the optimal response.
---
* *15. The total time a drug provides intended therapeutic response without a repeat dose is
the:**
A. Half-life
Questions and Answers | Rated 100% Correct |
Nursing Pharmacology | Pass Guaranteed - A+
Graded
## **[DOMAIN 1: PHARMACOKINETICS & PHARMACODYNAMICS - 40 Questions]**
* *1. Which term describes what the body does to a drug as it moves through absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion?**
A. Pharmacodynamics
B. Pharmacokinetics **[CORRECT]**
C. Therapeutics
D. Bioavailability
* *Rationale:** Pharmacokinetics refers to the body's actions on a drug—how it is absorbed,
distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the
body.
---
* *2. A drug that binds to a receptor and produces a response similar to an endogenous
chemical is called:**
A. Antagonist
B. Agonist **[CORRECT]**
C. Inverse agonist
D. Partial antagonist
* *Rationale:** An agonist binds to receptors and produces a response. An antagonist binds but
blocks the response.
---
* *3. The time required for 50% of a medication to be removed from the body is known as:**
A. Onset of action
B. Duration of action
C. Half-life (t½) **[CORRECT]**
D. Peak action
,* *Rationale:** Half-life (t½) is the time required for 50% elimination. It takes approximately 5
half-lives to remove 97% of a medication from the body.
---
* *4. Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism (biotransformation)?**
A. Kidneys
B. Liver **[CORRECT]**
C. Lungs
D. Intestines
* *Rationale:** The liver is the primary site of drug metabolism through the cytochrome P-450
enzyme system.
---
* *5. The primary route of drug excretion from the body is through the:**
A. Liver
B. Kidneys **[CORRECT]**
C. Skin
D. Lungs
* *Rationale:** The kidneys are the primary organs for drug excretion. This is why renal function
must be assessed before giving nephrotoxic drugs.
---
* *6. A drug that binds to a receptor and blocks the response is classified as:**
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist **[CORRECT]**
C. Synergist
D. Potentiator
* *Rationale:** An antagonist binds to receptors and blocks the response, preventing agonists
from producing their effect.
---
* *7. The fraction of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation and is available to
target tissue is called:**
A. Therapeutic index
B. Bioavailability **[CORRECT]**
C. Potency
D. Efficacy
,* *Rationale:** Bioavailability represents the proportion of drug that reaches systemic circulation.
It is affected by first-pass metabolism and absorption rate.
---
* *8. Which phenomenon reduces the bioavailability of orally administered drugs by metabolizing
them in the liver before they reach systemic circulation?**
A. Enterohepatic circulation
B. First-pass effect **[CORRECT]**
C. Protein binding
D. Active transport
* *Rationale:** The first-pass effect occurs when oral drugs absorbed from the GI tract are
transported via hepatic portal circulation to the liver, where significant metabolism occurs before
reaching systemic circulation.
---
* *9. A higher initial dose given to rapidly achieve therapeutic drug levels is called:**
A. Maintenance dose
B. Loading dose **[CORRECT]**
C. Titrate dose
D. Maximum dose
* *Rationale:** A loading dose is a higher initial dose that shortens the time required to achieve
the drug's therapeutic level.
---
* *10. The cytochrome P-450 system is primarily responsible for:**
A. Drug excretion
B. Drug metabolism **[CORRECT]**
C. Drug absorption
D. Drug distribution
* *Rationale:** The cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in the liver metabolizes many drugs and
is involved in drug-drug interactions through enzyme induction or inhibition.
---
* *11. When one drug increases the metabolism of both itself and other drugs, this is called:**
A. Enzyme inhibition
B. Enzyme induction **[CORRECT]**
, . Competitive antagonism
C
D. Synergism
* *Rationale:** Enzyme induction occurs when a drug increases metabolic enzyme production,
accelerating metabolism of itself and other drugs metabolized by the same pathway.
---
* *12. In first-order elimination kinetics:**
A. A constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time
B. A constant fraction of drug is eliminated per unit of time **[CORRECT]**
C. Elimination occurs only at therapeutic levels
D. Elimination rate increases with higher concentrations
* *Rationale:** First-order elimination means a constant percentage (fraction) of drug is
eliminated per unit time. This is the most common elimination pattern.
---
* *13. Where are drug receptors located?**
A. In the CNS fluid
B. On cell membranes **[CORRECT]**
C. In the bloodstream only
D. In the cytoplasm exclusively
* *Rationale:** Drug receptors are located on cell membranes, not in CNS fluid. This allows
drugs to bind and produce cellular responses.
---
* *14. The maximum therapeutic effect of a drug, when it works best, is called:**
A. Onset of action
B. Peak action **[CORRECT]**
C. Duration of action
D. Therapeutic effect
* *Rationale:** Peak action refers to the maximum therapeutic effect or when the drug
concentration produces the optimal response.
---
* *15. The total time a drug provides intended therapeutic response without a repeat dose is
the:**
A. Half-life
