GLPTI CORE EXAM 2026 TEST QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔List the 3 types of muscle fibers. - ✔✔skeletal, smooth, cardiac
✔✔T/F: the thin filaments (actin) pull on the thick filaments (myosin) - ✔✔False
✔✔Describe the levels of organization for a muscle fiber. - ✔✔Muscle belly > Muscle
fiber > Myofibril > Sarcomere
✔✔What are the differences between CNS vs PNS? - ✔✔CNS = spinal cord and brain
PNS = all outside nerve fibers, functions to send nerve impulses from our limbs to CNS
for processing
✔✔Proprioceptors - ✔✔monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and
joints
✔✔Motor unit - ✔✔A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
✔✔Slow vs fast twitch fibers - ✔✔Slow twitch = more mitochondria, slower contraction
and less force but are fatigue resistant and work aerobically
Fast twitch = produce and use ATP quickly, quick contraction and more force and work
anaerobically
✔✔What factors affect muscle strength? - ✔✔Muscle size, length, speed of contraction
and neural control
✔✔Stabilizing muscles are made of what type of muscle fiber? - ✔✔Slow twitch muscle
fibers
✔✔Name some benefits of flexibility to exercise. - ✔✔- improved joint ROM
- Improved posture
- improved blood flow and oxygen levels
- reduced level of discomfort when exercising
✔✔What is the difference between flexibility and mobility? - ✔✔Flexibility = the range of
motion of a joint or series of joints as a result of the muscles that cross the joint
Mobility = to be capable of moving
✔✔Static vs Dynamic stretching - ✔✔
, ✔✔Define elasticity and plasticity. - ✔✔Elasticity = the ability of tissue to return to its
original length
Plasticity = refers to the adaptation of a tissue to a new resting length
✔✔List the 3 Planes of Motion. - ✔✔Frontal Plane (left to right movements)
Sagittal Plane (front-to-back movements)
Transverse Plane (cross-section movements)
✔✔How can you test for Hypermobility? - ✔✔You can bend someone pinkie back
(beyond 90 degrees), thumb towards the wrist, wrist extension (double jointed), leg
extension (more than 10 degrees) and hip flexion (touch the ground)T
Add up these out of 9 points; 1 point for each
✔✔AAROM vs PROM - ✔✔Active range of motion is assessed with movement with no
resistance by the client
Passive range of motion is assessed with aid by the trainer with no resistance
✔✔The interconnectivity of joints, muscles and fascia can be described using... -
✔✔Myofascial slings, systems and chains
✔✔What are the 5 Functional Movements? - ✔✔Squat, lunge, push, pull, hinge
✔✔What are righting reflexes? - ✔✔Are reactions that are expressed when the body
attempts to move or maintain a position on a stable surface
✔✔What are equilibirum reflexes? - ✔✔Are used when the body attempts to move or
maintain a position on a surface that is unsteady
✔✔Open vs closed kinetic chains - ✔✔Open kinetic chain is when the upper body or
lower body is free to move during exercise. Where as a closed kinetic chain is when the
upper or lower body cannot move freely.
✔✔Give 3 examples of passive movement sequences. - ✔✔Lying comfortably, sitting
comfortably and standing comfortably
✔✔Progression vs Regression (CHART) - ✔✔Check GLPTI notes.
✔✔Duty of care - ✔✔the obligation people owe each other not to cause any
unreasonable harm or risk of harm
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔List the 3 types of muscle fibers. - ✔✔skeletal, smooth, cardiac
✔✔T/F: the thin filaments (actin) pull on the thick filaments (myosin) - ✔✔False
✔✔Describe the levels of organization for a muscle fiber. - ✔✔Muscle belly > Muscle
fiber > Myofibril > Sarcomere
✔✔What are the differences between CNS vs PNS? - ✔✔CNS = spinal cord and brain
PNS = all outside nerve fibers, functions to send nerve impulses from our limbs to CNS
for processing
✔✔Proprioceptors - ✔✔monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and
joints
✔✔Motor unit - ✔✔A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
✔✔Slow vs fast twitch fibers - ✔✔Slow twitch = more mitochondria, slower contraction
and less force but are fatigue resistant and work aerobically
Fast twitch = produce and use ATP quickly, quick contraction and more force and work
anaerobically
✔✔What factors affect muscle strength? - ✔✔Muscle size, length, speed of contraction
and neural control
✔✔Stabilizing muscles are made of what type of muscle fiber? - ✔✔Slow twitch muscle
fibers
✔✔Name some benefits of flexibility to exercise. - ✔✔- improved joint ROM
- Improved posture
- improved blood flow and oxygen levels
- reduced level of discomfort when exercising
✔✔What is the difference between flexibility and mobility? - ✔✔Flexibility = the range of
motion of a joint or series of joints as a result of the muscles that cross the joint
Mobility = to be capable of moving
✔✔Static vs Dynamic stretching - ✔✔
, ✔✔Define elasticity and plasticity. - ✔✔Elasticity = the ability of tissue to return to its
original length
Plasticity = refers to the adaptation of a tissue to a new resting length
✔✔List the 3 Planes of Motion. - ✔✔Frontal Plane (left to right movements)
Sagittal Plane (front-to-back movements)
Transverse Plane (cross-section movements)
✔✔How can you test for Hypermobility? - ✔✔You can bend someone pinkie back
(beyond 90 degrees), thumb towards the wrist, wrist extension (double jointed), leg
extension (more than 10 degrees) and hip flexion (touch the ground)T
Add up these out of 9 points; 1 point for each
✔✔AAROM vs PROM - ✔✔Active range of motion is assessed with movement with no
resistance by the client
Passive range of motion is assessed with aid by the trainer with no resistance
✔✔The interconnectivity of joints, muscles and fascia can be described using... -
✔✔Myofascial slings, systems and chains
✔✔What are the 5 Functional Movements? - ✔✔Squat, lunge, push, pull, hinge
✔✔What are righting reflexes? - ✔✔Are reactions that are expressed when the body
attempts to move or maintain a position on a stable surface
✔✔What are equilibirum reflexes? - ✔✔Are used when the body attempts to move or
maintain a position on a surface that is unsteady
✔✔Open vs closed kinetic chains - ✔✔Open kinetic chain is when the upper body or
lower body is free to move during exercise. Where as a closed kinetic chain is when the
upper or lower body cannot move freely.
✔✔Give 3 examples of passive movement sequences. - ✔✔Lying comfortably, sitting
comfortably and standing comfortably
✔✔Progression vs Regression (CHART) - ✔✔Check GLPTI notes.
✔✔Duty of care - ✔✔the obligation people owe each other not to cause any
unreasonable harm or risk of harm
