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Colorectal risk factors
Over age 50
Race - African American have highest rates Diet - intake of animal fats and
red meat
Urinary incontinence
6. Reflex
Involuntary loss of urine occurring at predictable intervals when patient reaches
bladder volume - ie. spinal cord damage, loss of urge to void.
Nursing interventions for constipation
Sitting in chair, walking
Increase fluids, and fiber
,Elimination discomfort exemplars
Anal fissure
anorectal abscess
hemorrhoids
interstitial cystitis
pilonidal cyst
urolithiasis
Elimination infection and inflammation exemplars
GI:
Infection-- C. Diff
Inflammation--IBD, UC, Crohns
Urinary:
Infection--UTI, kidney infection, pyelonephritis, kidney stones
Type 1 diabetes
-no insulin is produced
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-cells are starved of glucose since there is no insulin to bring into the cells
-cells break down protein and fat into energy causing ketones to build up -
acidosis
Type 1 signs and symptoms
abrupt!
Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
,Type 1 treatment
Insulin only.
oral agents will not work
DKA patho
abrupt
1. not enough insulin
2. blood sugar becomes VERY high
3. cells break down protein and fat into energy
4. ketones build up---acidosis
DKA signs and symptoms
Ketosis and
acidosis fruity
breath
hyperglycem
ia
dehydration
kussmaul respiration--trying to blow off CO2
, DKA treatment
IV insulin
Fluid replacement
Correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalances
Type 2 diabetes
Does not produce enough insulin or produces bad insulin that does not work
properly. onset usually as an adult
Type 2 signs and symptoms
Polyuria
Polydipsi
a
Polyphag
ia
Type 2 treatment
Diet and exercise
oral hypoglycemia agents--
metformin sometimes insulin
HHS (Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State) patho
gradual onset
No acidosis present
High amount of glucose in the blood