Essentials in Nutrition BIOD 121 Portage Learning Module 3 Exam
2026 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS) LATEST!!
Sites of Absorption
• ________ & _____ many nutrients
• _________ only selected nutrients
• _________ water
- Duodenum, Jejunum
- Ileum
- Colon (large Intestine)
• protein strand is broken & amino acids are released.
• Occurs by protease enzymes secreted by the pancreas & GI mucosal cells.
• Amino acids are absorbed, transported to cells and then used to build proteins
Protein Digestion
• Causes protein to change shape or conformation.
• The protein and the amino acids are still intact.
• caused by heat, alkali/acid treatments, or metals.
• Is required before the protein can be digested.
Protein Denaturation
,We eat protein, denature & digest the protein, absorb & transport the amino
acids to the cells, then within each cell, protein is made according to the
DNA.
Protein Synthesis
(Protein is synthesized in a process of converting DNA to RNA & then protein)
• Uniform in structure.
• Either exclusively helical or sheet formation.
• Ex: proteins found in hair, muscle fibers & finger nails.
Fibrous protein
• Have variation in structure.
• part helical, part sheet, part random, or completely random.
• Ex: blood, mucous, milk protein and egg white.
Globular protein
what are 2 types of proteins?
1- fibrous
2- globular
Eric weighs 90 Kg and ate 88 g of protein and 3000 Calories in one day.
• What is his DRI for protein?
90 Kg x 0.8 gm/Kg = 72 gm protein
Eric weighs 90 Kg and ate 88 g of protein and 3000 Calories in one day.
• What % of his DRI for protein did he consume?
88 gm ÷ 72 gm x 100 = 122%
, Eric weighs 90 Kg and ate 88 g of protein and 3000 Calories in one day.
• What % of Calories in his diet came from protein? AMDR is 10-35%
- 88 g protein x 4 Cal/gm = 352 Cals from protein
- 352 Cals ÷ 3000 Cals x 100 = 11.7%
Protein deficiency is called __ _. The individual has peripheral edema and may not
look
undernourished.
Kwashiorkor
Protein-Energy deficiency is called _. The individual looks undernourished (skin
&
bones, starvation).
Marasmus
• Is most common in athletes & fad dieters.
• Increases risk of:
- Dehydration
- Liver & spleen enlargement
- Accelerated kidney aging
- Metabolic acidosis (with low carb intake)
- Vitamin B6 deficiency, Ca & Zn loss
- Heart disease & cancer.
protein excess
, • Protein character is determined by __ _.
amino acid sequence.
- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 carbons and five double bonds
- has health-promoting properties, is present in fish
-synthesized in limited amounts in the body from the essential omega-3 fatty
acid alpha- linolenic acid (18 carbons with three double bonds).
...
• process by which plants make carb structures.
• requires chlorophyll.
• CO2 + H20 + sunlight = carbohydrate in
plants (sugars, starch, fiber)
Photosynthesis
The residue after "in vivo" treatment. Animal tested.
Dietary Fiber
• Indigestible carbohydrate isolated from natural sources or synthetic
indigestible carbohydrate.
• Has beneficial physiological effects in humans.
• example: cellulose gel added to a processed food.
Functional Fiber
2026 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS) LATEST!!
Sites of Absorption
• ________ & _____ many nutrients
• _________ only selected nutrients
• _________ water
- Duodenum, Jejunum
- Ileum
- Colon (large Intestine)
• protein strand is broken & amino acids are released.
• Occurs by protease enzymes secreted by the pancreas & GI mucosal cells.
• Amino acids are absorbed, transported to cells and then used to build proteins
Protein Digestion
• Causes protein to change shape or conformation.
• The protein and the amino acids are still intact.
• caused by heat, alkali/acid treatments, or metals.
• Is required before the protein can be digested.
Protein Denaturation
,We eat protein, denature & digest the protein, absorb & transport the amino
acids to the cells, then within each cell, protein is made according to the
DNA.
Protein Synthesis
(Protein is synthesized in a process of converting DNA to RNA & then protein)
• Uniform in structure.
• Either exclusively helical or sheet formation.
• Ex: proteins found in hair, muscle fibers & finger nails.
Fibrous protein
• Have variation in structure.
• part helical, part sheet, part random, or completely random.
• Ex: blood, mucous, milk protein and egg white.
Globular protein
what are 2 types of proteins?
1- fibrous
2- globular
Eric weighs 90 Kg and ate 88 g of protein and 3000 Calories in one day.
• What is his DRI for protein?
90 Kg x 0.8 gm/Kg = 72 gm protein
Eric weighs 90 Kg and ate 88 g of protein and 3000 Calories in one day.
• What % of his DRI for protein did he consume?
88 gm ÷ 72 gm x 100 = 122%
, Eric weighs 90 Kg and ate 88 g of protein and 3000 Calories in one day.
• What % of Calories in his diet came from protein? AMDR is 10-35%
- 88 g protein x 4 Cal/gm = 352 Cals from protein
- 352 Cals ÷ 3000 Cals x 100 = 11.7%
Protein deficiency is called __ _. The individual has peripheral edema and may not
look
undernourished.
Kwashiorkor
Protein-Energy deficiency is called _. The individual looks undernourished (skin
&
bones, starvation).
Marasmus
• Is most common in athletes & fad dieters.
• Increases risk of:
- Dehydration
- Liver & spleen enlargement
- Accelerated kidney aging
- Metabolic acidosis (with low carb intake)
- Vitamin B6 deficiency, Ca & Zn loss
- Heart disease & cancer.
protein excess
, • Protein character is determined by __ _.
amino acid sequence.
- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 carbons and five double bonds
- has health-promoting properties, is present in fish
-synthesized in limited amounts in the body from the essential omega-3 fatty
acid alpha- linolenic acid (18 carbons with three double bonds).
...
• process by which plants make carb structures.
• requires chlorophyll.
• CO2 + H20 + sunlight = carbohydrate in
plants (sugars, starch, fiber)
Photosynthesis
The residue after "in vivo" treatment. Animal tested.
Dietary Fiber
• Indigestible carbohydrate isolated from natural sources or synthetic
indigestible carbohydrate.
• Has beneficial physiological effects in humans.
• example: cellulose gel added to a processed food.
Functional Fiber
