EPPP MAIN EXAMINATION 2026 SET QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔hypothalamus - ✔✔hypothalamus- learning/memory, hunger, sleep, sex, thirst,
temp, emo (uncontrollable anger/rage/agg). homeostatis. houses the suprachiasmatic
nucleus (SCN) for circadian rhythm and sleep cycles and SAD
✔✔thalamus - ✔✔thalamus- relay, wernicke 1st (ataxia,confusion,eye moviements)
then korsakoff-antero and retrograde amnesia and confabulation (low thiamine)
✔✔basal ganglia- motor actions - ✔✔caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
✔✔limbic system- emotion - ✔✔amygdala (fear/aggression, flashbulb) Buci syndrome
hippocampus (learning/memory, stm to ltm)
cingulate cortex (pain)
✔✔cerebral cortex - ✔✔80% of brain weight, 4 lobes
✔✔corpus callosum - ✔✔fibers connect 2 hemispheres (epilepsy it is severed)
✔✔dominant- left hemisphere - ✔✔logical/analytical thinking , language, positive
emotions
✔✔nondominant- right hemisphere - ✔✔creativity, facial recognition, spatial relationship
✔✔frontal lobe - ✔✔broca's area (expressive), primary motor cortex, complex
✔✔hemiplegia - ✔✔loss of muscle tone
✔✔parietal lobe - ✔✔somatosensory cortex
damage= apraxia, anosognosia
gerstmann= agraphia, acalcula, finger agnosia
✔✔temporal lobe - ✔✔auditory cortex
wernicke's area (comprehension), antero/retrograde amnesia
right lobe = nonverbal
✔✔occipital lobe - ✔✔visual cortex
,✔✔split-brain patient - ✔✔can name object in right visual field, but can't pick it up with
left hand
✔✔trichromatic theory - ✔✔red blue green
✔✔opponent-process theory - ✔✔3 bipolar receptors
✔✔color blindness - ✔✔x chromosome (more males; most common is red/green) if
female to get, both parents must give her traits
✔✔gate-control theory - ✔✔too much info, cells in spinal cord block incoming pain
signals (massage, heat/cold, mental activites)
✔✔coping strategies - ✔✔active is better than passive (exercise vs restricting activity)
✔✔synesthesia - ✔✔joining senses
✔✔psychophysics - ✔✔study btwn physica stimulus and corresponding psychological
sensations
✔✔absolute threshold - ✔✔minimum stimulus to detect sensation
✔✔difference threshold aka JND (just noticeable difference( - ✔✔smallest diff in
stimulus to detect difference
✔✔weber law - ✔✔more intense stimulus= more JND to detect difference
✔✔amygdala - ✔✔emotion to memory, ptsd
✔✔prefrontal cortex - ✔✔schizo problem
✔✔bg, cerebellum, motor cortex - ✔✔procedural and implicit memory
✔✔long-term potentiation - ✔✔glutamate, hippocampus
✔✔brocas - ✔✔left frontal, expressive (motor)
✔✔wernicke's - ✔✔left temporal, comprehending (sensory)
✔✔james-lange - ✔✔anxious first, then emotion
✔✔cannon-bard - ✔✔same time
,✔✔two-factor theory - ✔✔emo per context
✔✔cognitive appraisal theory - ✔✔emotions are universal; depends on how person
sees it
1. primary-beneficial or irrelevant
2. secondary- resources to cope w/situation
3. preappraisal-monitor/modify
✔✔papez circuit - ✔✔neural circuit to mediate/express emo
✔✔gas - ✔✔ARE
✔✔type A - ✔✔competitive impatient hostile
✔✔sex hormone organs - ✔✔pituitary and gonads (hypothalamus) = hypothalamic-
pituitary-gonadal axis
✔✔sexual dimorphism - ✔✔brain is diff for male/female
✔✔puberty - ✔✔secondary sex characteristics (earlier in usa)
✔✔viagra aka sildenafil - ✔✔penile tissue, not androgen
✔✔sleep stages - ✔✔alpha, theta, delta, beta
1-4 is nrem (3/4 is slow wave)
5 is rem
every 90-100 minutes all stages
✔✔alpha - ✔✔wake but relaxed stage 1
✔✔beta - ✔✔alert, fully awake
✔✔theta - ✔✔deep relax, light sleep stage 2
✔✔delta - ✔✔deep sleep stage 4 , slow wave
✔✔advance sleep phase - ✔✔sleep and awaken early in older adults, not less sleep
needed
✔✔sleep deprivation - ✔✔sleep deprivation and alcohol related accidents are same
✔✔rem rebound - ✔✔making up for sleep deprivation
, ✔✔phylogenetic scale - ✔✔sex hormone less important, learning and experiencing
more important
✔✔open-head injury - ✔✔localized (gunshot), no aloc
✔✔closed-head injury - ✔✔contrecoup (opposite side) hemorrhage, edema, amnesias
✔✔tbi severity - ✔✔glasgow coma scale, post-traumatic amnesia, duration of aloc
✔✔shrinking retrograde amnesia - ✔✔remote memories return first
✔✔post-concussional syndrome - ✔✔somatic/psychological sx occur in up to 50% ppl
with tbi, most resolve within 3 months
✔✔stroke depression - ✔✔40% of ppl
✔✔parkinson's - ✔✔20% have depression before, 50% have depression during it. tx is
l-dopa
✔✔seizure - ✔✔eeg test confirms
✔✔tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure - ✔✔motor, no memory of seizure
✔✔absence (petit-mal) seizure - ✔✔blank stare, no motor
✔✔partial seizures - ✔✔simple-no loc
complex-aloc
✔✔MS - ✔✔myelin dies in brain/spinal cord
✔✔parasthesia - ✔✔numbness in hands/feet
✔✔primary hypertension - ✔✔silent killer, unknown cause
✔✔classic vs common migraine - ✔✔Classic: A type of migraine that involves the
appearance of neurological symptoms, called an aura (flashing lights or zigzag lines, or
temporary loss of vision) 10 to 30 minutes before an attack. Other classic migraine
symptoms may include the following:
Difficulty with speech
Weakness of an arm or leg
Tingling of the face or hands
Confusion
Pain associated with classic migraines may be described as:
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔hypothalamus - ✔✔hypothalamus- learning/memory, hunger, sleep, sex, thirst,
temp, emo (uncontrollable anger/rage/agg). homeostatis. houses the suprachiasmatic
nucleus (SCN) for circadian rhythm and sleep cycles and SAD
✔✔thalamus - ✔✔thalamus- relay, wernicke 1st (ataxia,confusion,eye moviements)
then korsakoff-antero and retrograde amnesia and confabulation (low thiamine)
✔✔basal ganglia- motor actions - ✔✔caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
✔✔limbic system- emotion - ✔✔amygdala (fear/aggression, flashbulb) Buci syndrome
hippocampus (learning/memory, stm to ltm)
cingulate cortex (pain)
✔✔cerebral cortex - ✔✔80% of brain weight, 4 lobes
✔✔corpus callosum - ✔✔fibers connect 2 hemispheres (epilepsy it is severed)
✔✔dominant- left hemisphere - ✔✔logical/analytical thinking , language, positive
emotions
✔✔nondominant- right hemisphere - ✔✔creativity, facial recognition, spatial relationship
✔✔frontal lobe - ✔✔broca's area (expressive), primary motor cortex, complex
✔✔hemiplegia - ✔✔loss of muscle tone
✔✔parietal lobe - ✔✔somatosensory cortex
damage= apraxia, anosognosia
gerstmann= agraphia, acalcula, finger agnosia
✔✔temporal lobe - ✔✔auditory cortex
wernicke's area (comprehension), antero/retrograde amnesia
right lobe = nonverbal
✔✔occipital lobe - ✔✔visual cortex
,✔✔split-brain patient - ✔✔can name object in right visual field, but can't pick it up with
left hand
✔✔trichromatic theory - ✔✔red blue green
✔✔opponent-process theory - ✔✔3 bipolar receptors
✔✔color blindness - ✔✔x chromosome (more males; most common is red/green) if
female to get, both parents must give her traits
✔✔gate-control theory - ✔✔too much info, cells in spinal cord block incoming pain
signals (massage, heat/cold, mental activites)
✔✔coping strategies - ✔✔active is better than passive (exercise vs restricting activity)
✔✔synesthesia - ✔✔joining senses
✔✔psychophysics - ✔✔study btwn physica stimulus and corresponding psychological
sensations
✔✔absolute threshold - ✔✔minimum stimulus to detect sensation
✔✔difference threshold aka JND (just noticeable difference( - ✔✔smallest diff in
stimulus to detect difference
✔✔weber law - ✔✔more intense stimulus= more JND to detect difference
✔✔amygdala - ✔✔emotion to memory, ptsd
✔✔prefrontal cortex - ✔✔schizo problem
✔✔bg, cerebellum, motor cortex - ✔✔procedural and implicit memory
✔✔long-term potentiation - ✔✔glutamate, hippocampus
✔✔brocas - ✔✔left frontal, expressive (motor)
✔✔wernicke's - ✔✔left temporal, comprehending (sensory)
✔✔james-lange - ✔✔anxious first, then emotion
✔✔cannon-bard - ✔✔same time
,✔✔two-factor theory - ✔✔emo per context
✔✔cognitive appraisal theory - ✔✔emotions are universal; depends on how person
sees it
1. primary-beneficial or irrelevant
2. secondary- resources to cope w/situation
3. preappraisal-monitor/modify
✔✔papez circuit - ✔✔neural circuit to mediate/express emo
✔✔gas - ✔✔ARE
✔✔type A - ✔✔competitive impatient hostile
✔✔sex hormone organs - ✔✔pituitary and gonads (hypothalamus) = hypothalamic-
pituitary-gonadal axis
✔✔sexual dimorphism - ✔✔brain is diff for male/female
✔✔puberty - ✔✔secondary sex characteristics (earlier in usa)
✔✔viagra aka sildenafil - ✔✔penile tissue, not androgen
✔✔sleep stages - ✔✔alpha, theta, delta, beta
1-4 is nrem (3/4 is slow wave)
5 is rem
every 90-100 minutes all stages
✔✔alpha - ✔✔wake but relaxed stage 1
✔✔beta - ✔✔alert, fully awake
✔✔theta - ✔✔deep relax, light sleep stage 2
✔✔delta - ✔✔deep sleep stage 4 , slow wave
✔✔advance sleep phase - ✔✔sleep and awaken early in older adults, not less sleep
needed
✔✔sleep deprivation - ✔✔sleep deprivation and alcohol related accidents are same
✔✔rem rebound - ✔✔making up for sleep deprivation
, ✔✔phylogenetic scale - ✔✔sex hormone less important, learning and experiencing
more important
✔✔open-head injury - ✔✔localized (gunshot), no aloc
✔✔closed-head injury - ✔✔contrecoup (opposite side) hemorrhage, edema, amnesias
✔✔tbi severity - ✔✔glasgow coma scale, post-traumatic amnesia, duration of aloc
✔✔shrinking retrograde amnesia - ✔✔remote memories return first
✔✔post-concussional syndrome - ✔✔somatic/psychological sx occur in up to 50% ppl
with tbi, most resolve within 3 months
✔✔stroke depression - ✔✔40% of ppl
✔✔parkinson's - ✔✔20% have depression before, 50% have depression during it. tx is
l-dopa
✔✔seizure - ✔✔eeg test confirms
✔✔tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure - ✔✔motor, no memory of seizure
✔✔absence (petit-mal) seizure - ✔✔blank stare, no motor
✔✔partial seizures - ✔✔simple-no loc
complex-aloc
✔✔MS - ✔✔myelin dies in brain/spinal cord
✔✔parasthesia - ✔✔numbness in hands/feet
✔✔primary hypertension - ✔✔silent killer, unknown cause
✔✔classic vs common migraine - ✔✔Classic: A type of migraine that involves the
appearance of neurological symptoms, called an aura (flashing lights or zigzag lines, or
temporary loss of vision) 10 to 30 minutes before an attack. Other classic migraine
symptoms may include the following:
Difficulty with speech
Weakness of an arm or leg
Tingling of the face or hands
Confusion
Pain associated with classic migraines may be described as:
