Nursing Practice – Children’s Health Exam 4 2026 Galen College
1. According to Erikson, which developmental task is primary for the school-age
child (6 to 12 years)?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Initiative vs. Guilt
Answer: B
Rationale: School-age children are focused on developing skills and participating in
meaningful work, characterizing the stage of Industry vs. Inferiority.
2. A 4-year-old child is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which nursing
intervention is contraindicated?
A. Maintaining a calm environment
B. Assessing the throat with a tongue blade
C. Providing humidified oxygen
D. Allowing the child to sit in a tripod position
Answer: B
Rationale: Attempting to visualize the throat with a tongue blade or swab can trigger a
laryngospasm and total airway obstruction in a child with epiglottitis.
,3. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of Tetralogy of Fallot?
A. Bounding peripheral pulses
B. Machinery-like murmur
C. Cyanosis during crying or feeding (Tet spells)
D. Different blood pressures between upper and lower extremities
Answer: C
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot involves right-to-left shunting, leading to hypercyanotic
episodes or ‘Tet spells’ during stress.
4. A toddler is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Which dietary
recommendation should the nurse provide?
A. Increasing milk intake to 32 oz per day
B. Providing fruit juice with every meal
C. Limiting milk intake to no more than 24 oz per day
D. Avoiding leafy green vegetables
Answer: C
Rationale: Excessive milk intake (milk anemia) replaces iron-rich foods in a toddler’s diet.
Limiting milk to 24 oz helps ensure intake of solid iron-rich foods.
5. Which type of dehydration involves equal losses of water and electrolytes?
A. Hypotonic dehydration
B. Hypertonic dehydration
C. Isotonic dehydration
D. Intracellular dehydration
Answer: C
Rationale: Isotonic dehydration is the most common form, where water and sodium are
lost in equal proportions.
, 6. What is the priority nursing diagnosis for a child in the immediate
postoperative period after a tonsillectomy?
A. Impaired Gas Exchange
B. Risk for Aspiration/Bleeding
C. Acute Pain
D. Deficient Knowledge
Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent swallowing is a sign of bleeding following a tonsillectomy, making
airway management and bleeding monitoring the priority.
7. A child is being treated for Nephrotic Syndrome. Which clinical finding should
the nurse expect?
A. Gross hematuria
B. Decreased weight
C. Hypolipidemia
D. Massive proteinuria
Answer: D
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, and severe edema (weight gain).
8. Which vital sign should the nurse monitor most closely in a child with
increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
A. Decreased heart rate and increased systolic blood pressure
B. Increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
C. Decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
D. Increased heart rate and increased blood pressure
Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing’s triad (bradycardia, hypertension with widening pulse pressure, and
irregular respirations) is a late sign of increased ICP.
1. According to Erikson, which developmental task is primary for the school-age
child (6 to 12 years)?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Initiative vs. Guilt
Answer: B
Rationale: School-age children are focused on developing skills and participating in
meaningful work, characterizing the stage of Industry vs. Inferiority.
2. A 4-year-old child is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which nursing
intervention is contraindicated?
A. Maintaining a calm environment
B. Assessing the throat with a tongue blade
C. Providing humidified oxygen
D. Allowing the child to sit in a tripod position
Answer: B
Rationale: Attempting to visualize the throat with a tongue blade or swab can trigger a
laryngospasm and total airway obstruction in a child with epiglottitis.
,3. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of Tetralogy of Fallot?
A. Bounding peripheral pulses
B. Machinery-like murmur
C. Cyanosis during crying or feeding (Tet spells)
D. Different blood pressures between upper and lower extremities
Answer: C
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot involves right-to-left shunting, leading to hypercyanotic
episodes or ‘Tet spells’ during stress.
4. A toddler is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Which dietary
recommendation should the nurse provide?
A. Increasing milk intake to 32 oz per day
B. Providing fruit juice with every meal
C. Limiting milk intake to no more than 24 oz per day
D. Avoiding leafy green vegetables
Answer: C
Rationale: Excessive milk intake (milk anemia) replaces iron-rich foods in a toddler’s diet.
Limiting milk to 24 oz helps ensure intake of solid iron-rich foods.
5. Which type of dehydration involves equal losses of water and electrolytes?
A. Hypotonic dehydration
B. Hypertonic dehydration
C. Isotonic dehydration
D. Intracellular dehydration
Answer: C
Rationale: Isotonic dehydration is the most common form, where water and sodium are
lost in equal proportions.
, 6. What is the priority nursing diagnosis for a child in the immediate
postoperative period after a tonsillectomy?
A. Impaired Gas Exchange
B. Risk for Aspiration/Bleeding
C. Acute Pain
D. Deficient Knowledge
Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent swallowing is a sign of bleeding following a tonsillectomy, making
airway management and bleeding monitoring the priority.
7. A child is being treated for Nephrotic Syndrome. Which clinical finding should
the nurse expect?
A. Gross hematuria
B. Decreased weight
C. Hypolipidemia
D. Massive proteinuria
Answer: D
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, and severe edema (weight gain).
8. Which vital sign should the nurse monitor most closely in a child with
increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
A. Decreased heart rate and increased systolic blood pressure
B. Increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
C. Decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
D. Increased heart rate and increased blood pressure
Answer: A
Rationale: Cushing’s triad (bradycardia, hypertension with widening pulse pressure, and
irregular respirations) is a late sign of increased ICP.
