Pharm 1 Exam 1 South College
Drug classification - CORRECT ANSWER-A method of grouping drugs; may be based
on structure or therapeutic use.
Indications - CORRECT ANSWER-what conditions it is prescribed for
Adverse effects - CORRECT ANSWER-A general term for any undesirable effects that
are a direct response to one or more drugs.
Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER-specific signs or circumstances under which it
is not appropriate and may be harmful to administer a drug to a patient
Nursing Process - CORRECT ANSWER-five-step systematic method for giving patient
care; involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER-The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality,
or ability of someone or something
Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Identification of an injury or disease
Planning - CORRECT ANSWER-determining organizational goals and a means for
achieving them
Implementation - CORRECT ANSWER-Administering medications according to
established protocols and safety guidelines
Evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER-Assessing the patient's response to medication
therapy and making adjustments as needed.
Evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions related to medication
administration.
Documenting all medication-related activities and patient responses.
What's the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic anti-infective medications?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Bactericidal: Kills bacteria.
Bacteriostatic: Stops bacteria from reproducing, but may not kill existing bacteria.
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-The process by which nutrient molecules pass
through the wall of the digestive system into the blood
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER-The movement of the drug from the bloodstream to
different tissues throughout the body.
, Metabolism (biotransformation, detoxification) - CORRECT ANSWER-~Drugs are
broken down into smaller usable parts, primarily in the liver, through a series of complex
chemical reactions until they become inactive.
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER-Process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated
from the body
What are broad-spectrum antibiotics vs narrow-spectrum antibiotics? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Narrow-spectrum antibiotics target a few types of bacteria. Broad-spectrum
antibiotics target many types of bacteria. Both types work well to treat infections. But
using broad-spectrum antibiotics when they're not needed can create antibiotic-resistant
bacteria that are hard to treat.
Calculate half life of a drug - CORRECT ANSWER-t½ = 0.693/Ke
(where Ke is the elimination rate constant) Watch Video as well
What is a loading dose? - CORRECT ANSWER-An initial dose of drug that is higher
than subsequent doses.
What is the first pass effect? - CORRECT ANSWER-After oral administration, many
drugs are absorbed intact from the small intestine and transported first via the portal
system to the liver, where they undergo extensive metabolism, therefore usually
decreasing the bioavailability of certain oral medications.
Understand the different types of drug allergies, including anaphylaxis. - CORRECT
ANSWER-*****IgE-mediated*****
This is the most common type of drug allergy, where the body's immune system
produces antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to a drug. Symptoms
include hives, swelling, and can occur within minutes of taking the drug.
****Delayed*****
This type of reaction can occur more than 24 hours after taking a drug, and may involve
other organs like the liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart.
****Anaphylaxis****
This is the most severe type of allergic reaction to a drug. Symptoms can include hives,
swelling, wheezing, vomiting, light-headedness, and shock. Anaphylaxis can occur
within minutes of taking a drug, and can be life-threatening. The first-line treatment for
anaphylaxis is epinephrine, which is usually injected into a thigh muscle.
How do we identify an infecting bacterium? How do we know what drug to use against
it? - CORRECT ANSWER-****Bacteria culture test****
A sample of blood, stool, urine, skin, mucus, or spinal fluid is cultured to identify the
bacteria causing an infection.
****Antibiotic susceptibility test****
The bacteria are exposed to antibiotics to determine which are most effective. The test
also measures how sensitive the bacteria are to the drugs, which helps doctors decide
how much of the drug to prescribe.
Drug classification - CORRECT ANSWER-A method of grouping drugs; may be based
on structure or therapeutic use.
Indications - CORRECT ANSWER-what conditions it is prescribed for
Adverse effects - CORRECT ANSWER-A general term for any undesirable effects that
are a direct response to one or more drugs.
Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER-specific signs or circumstances under which it
is not appropriate and may be harmful to administer a drug to a patient
Nursing Process - CORRECT ANSWER-five-step systematic method for giving patient
care; involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER-The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality,
or ability of someone or something
Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Identification of an injury or disease
Planning - CORRECT ANSWER-determining organizational goals and a means for
achieving them
Implementation - CORRECT ANSWER-Administering medications according to
established protocols and safety guidelines
Evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER-Assessing the patient's response to medication
therapy and making adjustments as needed.
Evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions related to medication
administration.
Documenting all medication-related activities and patient responses.
What's the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic anti-infective medications?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Bactericidal: Kills bacteria.
Bacteriostatic: Stops bacteria from reproducing, but may not kill existing bacteria.
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER-The process by which nutrient molecules pass
through the wall of the digestive system into the blood
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER-The movement of the drug from the bloodstream to
different tissues throughout the body.
, Metabolism (biotransformation, detoxification) - CORRECT ANSWER-~Drugs are
broken down into smaller usable parts, primarily in the liver, through a series of complex
chemical reactions until they become inactive.
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER-Process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated
from the body
What are broad-spectrum antibiotics vs narrow-spectrum antibiotics? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Narrow-spectrum antibiotics target a few types of bacteria. Broad-spectrum
antibiotics target many types of bacteria. Both types work well to treat infections. But
using broad-spectrum antibiotics when they're not needed can create antibiotic-resistant
bacteria that are hard to treat.
Calculate half life of a drug - CORRECT ANSWER-t½ = 0.693/Ke
(where Ke is the elimination rate constant) Watch Video as well
What is a loading dose? - CORRECT ANSWER-An initial dose of drug that is higher
than subsequent doses.
What is the first pass effect? - CORRECT ANSWER-After oral administration, many
drugs are absorbed intact from the small intestine and transported first via the portal
system to the liver, where they undergo extensive metabolism, therefore usually
decreasing the bioavailability of certain oral medications.
Understand the different types of drug allergies, including anaphylaxis. - CORRECT
ANSWER-*****IgE-mediated*****
This is the most common type of drug allergy, where the body's immune system
produces antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in response to a drug. Symptoms
include hives, swelling, and can occur within minutes of taking the drug.
****Delayed*****
This type of reaction can occur more than 24 hours after taking a drug, and may involve
other organs like the liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart.
****Anaphylaxis****
This is the most severe type of allergic reaction to a drug. Symptoms can include hives,
swelling, wheezing, vomiting, light-headedness, and shock. Anaphylaxis can occur
within minutes of taking a drug, and can be life-threatening. The first-line treatment for
anaphylaxis is epinephrine, which is usually injected into a thigh muscle.
How do we identify an infecting bacterium? How do we know what drug to use against
it? - CORRECT ANSWER-****Bacteria culture test****
A sample of blood, stool, urine, skin, mucus, or spinal fluid is cultured to identify the
bacteria causing an infection.
****Antibiotic susceptibility test****
The bacteria are exposed to antibiotics to determine which are most effective. The test
also measures how sensitive the bacteria are to the drugs, which helps doctors decide
how much of the drug to prescribe.
