DEP 2004 FINAL EXAM 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Cross-sectional approach - ✔✔a research strategy in which individuals of different
ages are compared at one time to show differences in age.
✔✔Longitudinal approach - ✔✔a research strategy in which the same individuals are
studied over a period of time, usually several years or more, to show how and what
changes occur over time.
✔✔Cohort effects - ✔✔effects on development that are due to a subject's time of birth
or generation but not age.
✔✔ Development - ✔✔The pattern of movement or change that starts at conception
and continues through the life span.
✔✔Life-span perspective - ✔✔the perspective that development is lifelong,
multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual; that it
involves growth, maintenance, and regulation; and that is constructed through
biological, sociocultural, and individual factors working together.
✔✔Context - ✔✔the setting in which development occurs, which is influenced by
historical, economic, social, and cultural factors.
✔✔Normative age-graded influences - ✔✔biological and environmental influences that
are similar for individual in a particular age group.
✔✔Normative history-graded influences - ✔✔biological and environmental influences
that are associated with history. These influences are common to people of a particular
generation.
✔✔Cross-cultural studies - ✔✔comparisons of one culture with one or more other
cultures. These provide information about the degree to which children's development is
similar, or universal, across cultures, and the degree to which it is culture-specific.
✔✔Ethnicity - ✔✔a range of characteristics rooted in cultural heritage, including
nationality, race, religion, and language.
✔✔Socioeconomic status (SES) - ✔✔refers to the conceptual grouping of people with
similar occupational, education, and economic characteristics.
✔✔Social policy - ✔✔a national government's course of action designed to promote the
welfare of its citizens.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Cross-sectional approach - ✔✔a research strategy in which individuals of different
ages are compared at one time to show differences in age.
✔✔Longitudinal approach - ✔✔a research strategy in which the same individuals are
studied over a period of time, usually several years or more, to show how and what
changes occur over time.
✔✔Cohort effects - ✔✔effects on development that are due to a subject's time of birth
or generation but not age.
✔✔ Development - ✔✔The pattern of movement or change that starts at conception
and continues through the life span.
✔✔Life-span perspective - ✔✔the perspective that development is lifelong,
multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual; that it
involves growth, maintenance, and regulation; and that is constructed through
biological, sociocultural, and individual factors working together.
✔✔Context - ✔✔the setting in which development occurs, which is influenced by
historical, economic, social, and cultural factors.
✔✔Normative age-graded influences - ✔✔biological and environmental influences that
are similar for individual in a particular age group.
✔✔Normative history-graded influences - ✔✔biological and environmental influences
that are associated with history. These influences are common to people of a particular
generation.
✔✔Cross-cultural studies - ✔✔comparisons of one culture with one or more other
cultures. These provide information about the degree to which children's development is
similar, or universal, across cultures, and the degree to which it is culture-specific.
✔✔Ethnicity - ✔✔a range of characteristics rooted in cultural heritage, including
nationality, race, religion, and language.
✔✔Socioeconomic status (SES) - ✔✔refers to the conceptual grouping of people with
similar occupational, education, and economic characteristics.
✔✔Social policy - ✔✔a national government's course of action designed to promote the
welfare of its citizens.
