SOCL 2001 FINAL EXAM 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔social construction of reality - ✔✔members of a society discover, make known,
reaffirm and alter a collective version of facts, knowledge and "truth"
✔✔spurious relationship - ✔✔a false association between two variables that is actually
due to the effect of some third variable
✔✔theory - ✔✔set of statements that seek to explain/predict a particular aspect of
social life
✔✔unobtrusive research - ✔✔the researcher, without direct contact with the
participants, examines the evidence of social behavior that people create or leave
behind
✔✔variable - ✔✔any characteristic, attitude, behavior or event that can take on two or
more values or attributes
✔✔visual sociology - ✔✔uses photographs, video recordings and film either as a means
of gathering data or as sources of data about social life
✔✔cultural relativism - ✔✔principle that people's beliefs and activities should be
interpreted in terms of their own culture
✔✔ethnocentrism - ✔✔tendency to judge other cultures using one's own as a standard
✔✔folkway - ✔✔informal norm that is mildly punished when violated
✔✔heteronormative culture - ✔✔heterosexuality is accepted as the normal, taken-for-
granted mode of sexual expression
✔✔institutionalized norm - ✔✔pattern of behavior within existing social institutions that
is widely accepted in a society
✔✔intersexuals - ✔✔individuals in whom sexual differentiation is either incomplete or
ambiguous (also known as people with disorders of sexual development)
✔✔material culture - ✔✔artifacts of a society that represent adaptations to the social
and physical environment
✔✔mores - ✔✔highly codified, formal, systematized norms that bring severe
punishment when violated
, ✔✔nonmaterial culture - ✔✔knowledge, beliefs, customs, values, morals and symbols
that are shared by members of a society and that distinguish the society from others
✔✔sanction - ✔✔social response that punishes or otherwise discourages violations of a
social norm
✔✔sexual dichotonomy - ✔✔belief that two biological sex categories, male and female,
are permanent, universal, exhaustive and mutually exclusive
✔✔sick role - ✔✔set of norms governing how one is supposed to behave and what one
is entitled to when sick
✔✔subculture - ✔✔values, behaviors and artifacts of a group that distinguish its
members from the larger culture
✔✔transgender - ✔✔state in which one's gender expression or identity doesn't conform
to his/her birth sex
✔✔transsexuals - ✔✔people who identify with a different sex and sometimes undergo
hormone treatment and surgery to change their sex
✔✔socializtion - ✔✔lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals
acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental and social skills needed for a survival in
society
✔✔nature/nurture debate - ✔✔human being as product of heredity and socialization,
cases of social isolation/importance of socialization
✔✔self concept - ✔✔totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves
✔✔Harry Harlow stated that - ✔✔caregiver's nurturing is essential
✔✔Charles Cooley - ✔✔Looking-Glass Self
✔✔Looking-Glass Self - ✔✔person's sense of self is derived from the perception of
others
we are influenced by our perception of what we think others think of us
we imagine how we look to others, and other's judgement of us
✔✔George Herbert Mead - ✔✔Role Taking
✔✔Role Taking Stages - ✔✔Preparatory Stage
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔social construction of reality - ✔✔members of a society discover, make known,
reaffirm and alter a collective version of facts, knowledge and "truth"
✔✔spurious relationship - ✔✔a false association between two variables that is actually
due to the effect of some third variable
✔✔theory - ✔✔set of statements that seek to explain/predict a particular aspect of
social life
✔✔unobtrusive research - ✔✔the researcher, without direct contact with the
participants, examines the evidence of social behavior that people create or leave
behind
✔✔variable - ✔✔any characteristic, attitude, behavior or event that can take on two or
more values or attributes
✔✔visual sociology - ✔✔uses photographs, video recordings and film either as a means
of gathering data or as sources of data about social life
✔✔cultural relativism - ✔✔principle that people's beliefs and activities should be
interpreted in terms of their own culture
✔✔ethnocentrism - ✔✔tendency to judge other cultures using one's own as a standard
✔✔folkway - ✔✔informal norm that is mildly punished when violated
✔✔heteronormative culture - ✔✔heterosexuality is accepted as the normal, taken-for-
granted mode of sexual expression
✔✔institutionalized norm - ✔✔pattern of behavior within existing social institutions that
is widely accepted in a society
✔✔intersexuals - ✔✔individuals in whom sexual differentiation is either incomplete or
ambiguous (also known as people with disorders of sexual development)
✔✔material culture - ✔✔artifacts of a society that represent adaptations to the social
and physical environment
✔✔mores - ✔✔highly codified, formal, systematized norms that bring severe
punishment when violated
, ✔✔nonmaterial culture - ✔✔knowledge, beliefs, customs, values, morals and symbols
that are shared by members of a society and that distinguish the society from others
✔✔sanction - ✔✔social response that punishes or otherwise discourages violations of a
social norm
✔✔sexual dichotonomy - ✔✔belief that two biological sex categories, male and female,
are permanent, universal, exhaustive and mutually exclusive
✔✔sick role - ✔✔set of norms governing how one is supposed to behave and what one
is entitled to when sick
✔✔subculture - ✔✔values, behaviors and artifacts of a group that distinguish its
members from the larger culture
✔✔transgender - ✔✔state in which one's gender expression or identity doesn't conform
to his/her birth sex
✔✔transsexuals - ✔✔people who identify with a different sex and sometimes undergo
hormone treatment and surgery to change their sex
✔✔socializtion - ✔✔lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals
acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental and social skills needed for a survival in
society
✔✔nature/nurture debate - ✔✔human being as product of heredity and socialization,
cases of social isolation/importance of socialization
✔✔self concept - ✔✔totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves
✔✔Harry Harlow stated that - ✔✔caregiver's nurturing is essential
✔✔Charles Cooley - ✔✔Looking-Glass Self
✔✔Looking-Glass Self - ✔✔person's sense of self is derived from the perception of
others
we are influenced by our perception of what we think others think of us
we imagine how we look to others, and other's judgement of us
✔✔George Herbert Mead - ✔✔Role Taking
✔✔Role Taking Stages - ✔✔Preparatory Stage
