NJXDG STUDY GUIDE 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Composite resin cement - ✔✔A newer classification of cement designed for the
following indications:
- ceramic or porcelain inlays, onlays, crowns and bridges
- ceramic veneers
- ortho bands
- direct bonding of ortho brackets
- metal based crowns and bridges
✔✔Chemical makeup of composite resin cement - ✔✔- thin film thickness
- virtual insolubility in the mouth
- tooth must be free of all plaque and debris and must be prepared by etching or by
bonding system before cementation
✔✔Application of composite resin cement - ✔✔Supplied as:
1) a powder and liquid mix
2) a syringe type applicator as a base and catalyst
3) a versatile light cured/dual cured system.
Recommended portions of either application are dispensed on paper pad and mixed
rapidly w a spatula.
✔✔Commercial resin cements - ✔✔- Comspan
- Panavia
- Enforce
- Opal luting
- Compolute
- Nexus
✔✔Zinc oxide-eugenol cement - ✔✔- One of the most versatile cements available.
- Can be used as a base because the eugenol is nonirritating to the pulp. Eugenol has a
sedative effect on pulp.
ZOE Type I:
- lacks strength and long-term durability
- used for temporary cementation or provisional coverage
- Temp bond is brand name
- supplied as a two paste system, with and without eugenol. These pastes are
dispensed in equal lengths on a paper pad and are mixed according to the
manufacturer's directions.
ZOE Type II:
- includes reinforcing agents
,- used for permanent cementation of cast restorations or appliances.
✔✔Chemical makeup of zinc oxide-eugenol cement - ✔✔•Liquid: eugenol, water, acetic
acid, zinc acetate, and calcium chloride
•Powder: zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and silica
> ZOE has a pH level close to 7.0, which makes it less acidic than other cements. It is
one of the least irritating of all dental cements. The eugenol can have a strong odor,
which may be offensive to some patients.
✔✔ZOE application - ✔✔Because eugenol is an oil based liquid, ZOE is mixed on an oil
resistant paper pad that will not absorb any of the liquid. Take care when using a
eugenol product due to its irritating qualities to the oral mucosa.
When a slower set is required, a glass slab can be used. The thickness of the mix is
determined by the powder to liquid ratio, as recommended by the manufacturer. For use
as a luting agent, a thinner mix is necessary.
- The normal mixing time ranges from 30-60 seconds.
- The normal setting time in the mouth ranges from 3-5 minutes.
✔✔Examples of commercial ZOE cements - ✔✔- ZOE 2200
- Zogenol
- TempBond
- Fynal
✔✔Polycarboxylate cement - ✔✔- Developed in the 1960's
- scientifically designed to provide an adhesive bond to tooth structure.
- the original acid polymer was polyacrylic acid; now the cement contains two or more
monomers, so it is technically referred to as a polyalkenoate cement.
- generally used as permanent cement for cast restorations, stainless steel crowns, and
ortho bands.
- maintains its versatility as a nonirritating base under composite and amalgam
restorations and as an intermediate restoration.
✔✔Chemical makeup of polycarboxylate cement - ✔✔• Liquid: polyacrylic acid, itaconic
acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, and water
• Powder: zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, and other reinforcing fillers
> The pH increases rapidly as the material sets, and after 24 hours the cement is similar
to zinc phosphate cement. Polycarboxylate cement is less irritating to the pulp than is
zinc phosphate cement, and the pulpal reaction is similar to that of ZOE cement.
, ✔✔Application of polycarboxylate cement - ✔✔- Available in powder and liquid forms.
The liquid can be measured by used the plastic squeeze bottle or the calibrated syringe
type liquid dispenser supplied by manufacturer.
- liquid will thick as water evaporates and therefore has a limited shelf life.
- Recommended to be mixed on a nonabsorbent paper pad. If it is necessary to
increase working time, a cool glass slab can be used.
✔✔Examples of commercial polycarboxylate cement - ✔✔- Tylok
- Durelon
- Chemit
- Carboxylon
- Poly F
✔✔Zinc phosphate cement - ✔✔Type I (fine-grain) zinc phosphate cement is used for
the permanent cementation of cast restorations such as crowns, inlays, onlays, and
bridges. This material creates a very thin layer, which is necessary for accurate
cementation of castings.
Type II (medium-grain) zinc phosphate cement is recommended for use as an insulating
base for deep cavity preparations.
✔✔Chemical makeup of zinc phosphate cement - ✔✔• Liquid: 50 percent phosphoric
acid in water, buffered with aluminum phosphate and zinc salts to control the pH
• Powder: 90 percent zinc oxide and 10 percent magnesium oxide
> When using zinc phosphate, the phosphoric acid is the ingredient that can be irritating
to the pulp. Because of this, a liner, sealer, or desensitizer should be placed first to
reduce sensitivity to the phosphoric acid.
✔✔Application of zinc phosphate cement - ✔✔During the mixing and setting process,
this cement undergoes an exothermic reaction giving off heat.
To dissipate this heat before cementation, the cement is spatulated over a wide area of
a cool, dry, thick glass slab. The ideal slab temp should be 68 degrees F. This allows a
longer working time and permits a maximum amount of powder to be incorporated into
the liquid without making the mix too thick.
The powder is divided into increments that vary in size, with each increment spatulated
slowly and thoroughly before the next increment is added. It is increment that the
powder be added to the liquid in very small increments. This dissipates the heat and
retards the setting time.
✔✔Examples of commercial zinc phosphate cement - ✔✔- Modern Tenacin
- Fleck's extraordinary
- Smith's zinc cement
- Lang-C B
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Composite resin cement - ✔✔A newer classification of cement designed for the
following indications:
- ceramic or porcelain inlays, onlays, crowns and bridges
- ceramic veneers
- ortho bands
- direct bonding of ortho brackets
- metal based crowns and bridges
✔✔Chemical makeup of composite resin cement - ✔✔- thin film thickness
- virtual insolubility in the mouth
- tooth must be free of all plaque and debris and must be prepared by etching or by
bonding system before cementation
✔✔Application of composite resin cement - ✔✔Supplied as:
1) a powder and liquid mix
2) a syringe type applicator as a base and catalyst
3) a versatile light cured/dual cured system.
Recommended portions of either application are dispensed on paper pad and mixed
rapidly w a spatula.
✔✔Commercial resin cements - ✔✔- Comspan
- Panavia
- Enforce
- Opal luting
- Compolute
- Nexus
✔✔Zinc oxide-eugenol cement - ✔✔- One of the most versatile cements available.
- Can be used as a base because the eugenol is nonirritating to the pulp. Eugenol has a
sedative effect on pulp.
ZOE Type I:
- lacks strength and long-term durability
- used for temporary cementation or provisional coverage
- Temp bond is brand name
- supplied as a two paste system, with and without eugenol. These pastes are
dispensed in equal lengths on a paper pad and are mixed according to the
manufacturer's directions.
ZOE Type II:
- includes reinforcing agents
,- used for permanent cementation of cast restorations or appliances.
✔✔Chemical makeup of zinc oxide-eugenol cement - ✔✔•Liquid: eugenol, water, acetic
acid, zinc acetate, and calcium chloride
•Powder: zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and silica
> ZOE has a pH level close to 7.0, which makes it less acidic than other cements. It is
one of the least irritating of all dental cements. The eugenol can have a strong odor,
which may be offensive to some patients.
✔✔ZOE application - ✔✔Because eugenol is an oil based liquid, ZOE is mixed on an oil
resistant paper pad that will not absorb any of the liquid. Take care when using a
eugenol product due to its irritating qualities to the oral mucosa.
When a slower set is required, a glass slab can be used. The thickness of the mix is
determined by the powder to liquid ratio, as recommended by the manufacturer. For use
as a luting agent, a thinner mix is necessary.
- The normal mixing time ranges from 30-60 seconds.
- The normal setting time in the mouth ranges from 3-5 minutes.
✔✔Examples of commercial ZOE cements - ✔✔- ZOE 2200
- Zogenol
- TempBond
- Fynal
✔✔Polycarboxylate cement - ✔✔- Developed in the 1960's
- scientifically designed to provide an adhesive bond to tooth structure.
- the original acid polymer was polyacrylic acid; now the cement contains two or more
monomers, so it is technically referred to as a polyalkenoate cement.
- generally used as permanent cement for cast restorations, stainless steel crowns, and
ortho bands.
- maintains its versatility as a nonirritating base under composite and amalgam
restorations and as an intermediate restoration.
✔✔Chemical makeup of polycarboxylate cement - ✔✔• Liquid: polyacrylic acid, itaconic
acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, and water
• Powder: zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, and other reinforcing fillers
> The pH increases rapidly as the material sets, and after 24 hours the cement is similar
to zinc phosphate cement. Polycarboxylate cement is less irritating to the pulp than is
zinc phosphate cement, and the pulpal reaction is similar to that of ZOE cement.
, ✔✔Application of polycarboxylate cement - ✔✔- Available in powder and liquid forms.
The liquid can be measured by used the plastic squeeze bottle or the calibrated syringe
type liquid dispenser supplied by manufacturer.
- liquid will thick as water evaporates and therefore has a limited shelf life.
- Recommended to be mixed on a nonabsorbent paper pad. If it is necessary to
increase working time, a cool glass slab can be used.
✔✔Examples of commercial polycarboxylate cement - ✔✔- Tylok
- Durelon
- Chemit
- Carboxylon
- Poly F
✔✔Zinc phosphate cement - ✔✔Type I (fine-grain) zinc phosphate cement is used for
the permanent cementation of cast restorations such as crowns, inlays, onlays, and
bridges. This material creates a very thin layer, which is necessary for accurate
cementation of castings.
Type II (medium-grain) zinc phosphate cement is recommended for use as an insulating
base for deep cavity preparations.
✔✔Chemical makeup of zinc phosphate cement - ✔✔• Liquid: 50 percent phosphoric
acid in water, buffered with aluminum phosphate and zinc salts to control the pH
• Powder: 90 percent zinc oxide and 10 percent magnesium oxide
> When using zinc phosphate, the phosphoric acid is the ingredient that can be irritating
to the pulp. Because of this, a liner, sealer, or desensitizer should be placed first to
reduce sensitivity to the phosphoric acid.
✔✔Application of zinc phosphate cement - ✔✔During the mixing and setting process,
this cement undergoes an exothermic reaction giving off heat.
To dissipate this heat before cementation, the cement is spatulated over a wide area of
a cool, dry, thick glass slab. The ideal slab temp should be 68 degrees F. This allows a
longer working time and permits a maximum amount of powder to be incorporated into
the liquid without making the mix too thick.
The powder is divided into increments that vary in size, with each increment spatulated
slowly and thoroughly before the next increment is added. It is increment that the
powder be added to the liquid in very small increments. This dissipates the heat and
retards the setting time.
✔✔Examples of commercial zinc phosphate cement - ✔✔- Modern Tenacin
- Fleck's extraordinary
- Smith's zinc cement
- Lang-C B
